vulkaninfo.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2026 The Khronos Group Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2026 Valve Corporation
 * Copyright (c) 2015-2026 LunarG, Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2023-2024 RasterGrid Kft.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * Author: Courtney Goeltzenleuchter <courtney@LunarG.com>
 * Author: David Pinedo <david@lunarg.com>
 * Author: Mark Lobodzinski <mark@lunarg.com>
 * Author: Rene Lindsay <rene@lunarg.com>
 * Author: Jeremy Kniager <jeremyk@lunarg.com>
 * Author: Shannon McPherson <shannon@lunarg.com>
 * Author: Bob Ellison <bob@lunarg.com>
 * Author: Richard Wright <richard@lunarg.com>
 * Author: Charles Giessen <charles@lunarg.com>
 *
 */

#include <ctime>
#include <string>
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <crtdbg.h>
#endif
#include "vulkaninfo.hpp"

// Used to sort the formats into buckets by their properties.
std::unordered_map<PropFlags, std::set<VkFormat>> FormatPropMap(AppGpu &gpu) {
    std::unordered_map<PropFlags, std::set<VkFormat>> map;
    for (const auto fmtRange : format_ranges) {
        if (gpu.FormatRangeSupported(fmtRange)) {
            for (int32_t fmt = fmtRange.first_format; fmt <= fmtRange.last_format; ++fmt) {
                PropFlags pf = get_format_properties(gpu, static_cast<VkFormat>(fmt));
                map[pf].insert(static_cast<VkFormat>(fmt));
            }
        }
    }
    return map;
}

// =========== Dump Functions ========= //

void DumpExtensions(Printer &p, std::string section_name, std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> extensions, bool do_indent = false) {
    std::sort(extensions.begin(), extensions.end(), [](VkExtensionProperties &a, VkExtensionProperties &b) -> int {
        return std::string(a.extensionName) < std::string(b.extensionName);
    });

    size_t max_length = 0;
    for (const auto &ext : extensions) {
        max_length = std::max(max_length, std::strlen(ext.extensionName));
    }
#if defined(VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS)
    const std::string portability_ext_name = VK_KHR_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_EXTENSION_NAME;
#endif  // defined(VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS)
    ObjectWrapper obj(p, section_name, extensions.size());
    if (do_indent) p.IndentDecrease();
    for (auto &ext : extensions) {
#if defined(VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS)
        if (p.Type() == OutputType::json && portability_ext_name == ext.extensionName) continue;
#endif  // defined(VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS)
        p.PrintExtension(ext.extensionName, ext.specVersion, max_length);
    }
    if (do_indent) p.IndentIncrease();
}

void DumpLayers(Printer &p, std::vector<LayerExtensionList> layers, const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<AppGpu>> &gpus) {
    std::sort(layers.begin(), layers.end(), [](LayerExtensionList &left, LayerExtensionList &right) -> int {
        return std::strncmp(left.layer_properties.layerName, right.layer_properties.layerName, VK_MAX_DESCRIPTION_SIZE) < 0;
    });
    switch (p.Type()) {
        case OutputType::text:
        case OutputType::html: {
            p.SetHeader();
            ArrayWrapper arr_layers(p, "Layers", layers.size());
            IndentWrapper indent(p);

            for (auto &layer : layers) {
                std::string v_str = APIVersion(layer.layer_properties.specVersion);
                auto props = layer.layer_properties;

                std::string header = p.DecorateAsType(props.layerName) + " (" + props.description + ") " API_NAME " version " +
                                     p.DecorateAsValue(v_str) + ", layer version " +
                                     p.DecorateAsValue(std::to_string(props.implementationVersion));
                ObjectWrapper obj(p, header);
                DumpExtensions(p, "Layer Extensions", layer.extension_properties);

                ObjectWrapper arr_devices(p, "Devices", gpus.size());
                for (auto &gpu : gpus) {
                    p.SetValueDescription(std::string(gpu->props.deviceName)).PrintKeyValue("GPU id", gpu->id);
                    auto exts = gpu->inst.AppGetPhysicalDeviceLayerExtensions(gpu->phys_device, props.layerName);
                    DumpExtensions(p, "Layer-Device Extensions", exts);
                    p.AddNewline();
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        case OutputType::json: {
            assert(false && "unimplemented");
            break;
        }
        case OutputType::vkconfig_output: {
            ObjectWrapper obj(p, "Layer Properties");
            for (auto &layer : layers) {
                ObjectWrapper obj_name(p, layer.layer_properties.layerName);
                p.SetMinKeyWidth(21);
                p.PrintKeyString("layerName", layer.layer_properties.layerName);
                p.PrintKeyString("version", APIVersion(layer.layer_properties.specVersion).str());
                p.PrintKeyValue("implementation version", layer.layer_properties.implementationVersion);
                p.PrintKeyString("description", layer.layer_properties.description);
                DumpExtensions(p, "Layer Extensions", layer.extension_properties);
                ObjectWrapper obj_devices(p, "Devices");
                for (auto &gpu : gpus) {
                    ObjectWrapper obj_gpu(p, gpu->props.deviceName);
                    p.SetValueDescription(std::string(gpu->props.deviceName)).PrintKeyValue("GPU id", gpu->id);
                    auto exts = gpu->inst.AppGetPhysicalDeviceLayerExtensions(gpu->phys_device, layer.layer_properties.layerName);
                    DumpExtensions(p, "Layer-Device Extensions", exts);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
    }
}

void DumpSurfaceFormats(Printer &p, AppInstance &inst, AppSurface &surface) {
    std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
    if (inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_KHR_GET_SURFACE_CAPABILITIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
        for (auto &format : surface.surf_formats2) {
            formats.push_back(format.surfaceFormat);
        }
    } else {
        for (auto &format : surface.surf_formats) {
            formats.push_back(format);
        }
    }
    ObjectWrapper obj(p, "Formats", formats.size());
    int i = 0;
    for (auto &format : formats) {
        p.SetElementIndex(i++);
        DumpVkSurfaceFormatKHR(p, "SurfaceFormat", format);
    }
}

void DumpPresentModes(Printer &p, AppSurface &surface) {
    ArrayWrapper arr(p, "Present Modes", surface.surf_present_modes.size());
    for (auto &mode : surface.surf_present_modes) {
        p.SetAsType().PrintString(VkPresentModeKHRString(mode));
    }
}

void DumpSurfaceCapabilities(Printer &p, AppInstance &inst, AppGpu &gpu, AppSurface &surface) {
    auto &surf_cap = surface.surface_capabilities;
    p.SetSubHeader().SetIgnoreMinWidthInChild();
    DumpVkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(p, "VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR", surf_cap);

    if (inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_EXT_DISPLAY_SURFACE_COUNTER_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
        p.SetSubHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj(p, "VkSurfaceCapabilities2EXT");
        DumpVkSurfaceCounterFlagsEXT(p, "supportedSurfaceCounters", surface.surface_capabilities2_ext.supportedSurfaceCounters);
    }
    if (inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_KHR_GET_SURFACE_CAPABILITIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
        chain_iterator_surface_capabilities2(p, inst, gpu, surface.surface_capabilities2_khr.pNext);
    }
    if (inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_EXT_SURFACE_MAINTENANCE_1_EXTENSION_NAME) ||
        inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_KHR_SURFACE_MAINTENANCE_1_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
        const char *surf_ext_name = VK_KHR_SURFACE_MAINTENANCE_1_EXTENSION_NAME;
        if (!inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_KHR_SURFACE_MAINTENANCE_1_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
            surf_ext_name = VK_EXT_SURFACE_MAINTENANCE_1_EXTENSION_NAME;
        }
        p.SetSubHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj(p, surf_ext_name);
        for (auto &mode : surface.surf_present_modes) {
            VkSurfacePresentModeKHR present_mode{};
            present_mode.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SURFACE_PRESENT_MODE_KHR;
            present_mode.presentMode = mode;

            VkPhysicalDeviceSurfaceInfo2KHR surface_info{};
            surface_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SURFACE_INFO_2_KHR;
            surface_info.surface = surface.surface_extension.surface;
            surface_info.pNext = &present_mode;

            VkSurfacePresentModeCompatibilityKHR SurfacePresentModeCompatibilityKHR{};
            SurfacePresentModeCompatibilityKHR.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SURFACE_PRESENT_MODE_COMPATIBILITY_KHR;

            VkSurfacePresentScalingCapabilitiesKHR SurfacePresentScalingCapabilitiesKHR{};
            SurfacePresentScalingCapabilitiesKHR.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SURFACE_PRESENT_SCALING_CAPABILITIES_EXT;
            SurfacePresentScalingCapabilitiesKHR.pNext = &SurfacePresentModeCompatibilityKHR;

            VkSurfaceCapabilities2KHR surface_caps2{};
            surface_caps2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SURFACE_CAPABILITIES_2_KHR;
            surface_caps2.pNext = &SurfacePresentScalingCapabilitiesKHR;

            VkResult err = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities2KHR(gpu.phys_device, &surface_info, &surface_caps2);
            if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
                continue;
            }

            std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> compatible_present_modes{SurfacePresentModeCompatibilityKHR.presentModeCount};
            SurfacePresentModeCompatibilityKHR.pPresentModes = compatible_present_modes.data();

            err = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities2KHR(gpu.phys_device, &surface_info, &surface_caps2);

            if (err == VK_SUCCESS) {
                ObjectWrapper present_mode_obj(p, VkPresentModeKHRString(mode));

                p.PrintKeyValue("minImageCount", surface_caps2.surfaceCapabilities.minImageCount);
                p.PrintKeyValue("maxImageCount", surface_caps2.surfaceCapabilities.maxImageCount);

                DumpVkSurfacePresentScalingCapabilitiesKHR(p, "VkSurfacePresentScalingCapabilitiesKHR",
                                                           SurfacePresentScalingCapabilitiesKHR);
                DumpVkSurfacePresentModeCompatibilityKHR(p, "VkSurfacePresentModeCompatibilityKHR",
                                                         SurfacePresentModeCompatibilityKHR);
            }
        }
    }
}

void DumpSurface(Printer &p, AppInstance &inst, AppGpu &gpu, AppSurface &surface, std::set<std::string> surface_types) {
    std::string surface_type_list_str = "";
    if (surface_types.size() > 0) {
        surface_type_list_str = " [";
        bool is_first = true;
        for (auto &name : surface_types) {
            if (!is_first) {
                surface_type_list_str += ", ";
            } else {
                is_first = false;
            }
            surface_type_list_str += name;
        }
        surface_type_list_str += "]";
    }
    ObjectWrapper obj(p, std::string("GPU id : ") + p.DecorateAsValue(std::to_string(gpu.id)) + " (" + gpu.props.deviceName + ")" +
                             surface_type_list_str);

    if (surface_types.size() == 0) {
        p.SetAsType().PrintKeyString("Surface type", "No type found");
    } else if (surface_types.size() == 1) {
        p.SetAsType().PrintKeyString("Surface type", surface.surface_extension.name);
    } else {
        ArrayWrapper arr(p, "Surface types", surface_types.size());
        for (auto &name : surface_types) {
            p.PrintString(name);
        }
    }

    DumpSurfaceFormats(p, inst, surface);
    DumpPresentModes(p, surface);
    DumpSurfaceCapabilities(p, inst, gpu, surface);

    p.AddNewline();
}

struct SurfaceTypeGroup {
    AppSurface *surface;
    AppGpu *gpu;
    std::set<std::string> surface_types;
};

bool operator==(AppSurface const &a, AppSurface const &b) {
    return a.phys_device == b.phys_device && a.surf_present_modes == b.surf_present_modes && a.surf_formats == b.surf_formats &&
           a.surf_formats2 == b.surf_formats2 && a.surface_capabilities == b.surface_capabilities &&
           a.surface_capabilities2_khr == b.surface_capabilities2_khr && a.surface_capabilities2_ext == b.surface_capabilities2_ext;
}

#if defined(VULKANINFO_WSI_ENABLED)
void DumpPresentableSurfaces(Printer &p, AppInstance &inst, const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<AppGpu>> &gpus,
                             const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<AppSurface>> &surfaces) {
    // Don't print anything if no surfaces are found
    if (surfaces.size() == 0) return;
    p.SetHeader();
    ObjectWrapper obj(p, "Presentable Surfaces");
    IndentWrapper indent(p);

    std::vector<SurfaceTypeGroup> surface_list;

    for (auto &surface : surfaces) {
        auto exists = surface_list.end();
        for (auto it = surface_list.begin(); it != surface_list.end(); it++) {
            // check for duplicate surfaces that differ only by the surface extension
            if (*(it->surface) == *(surface.get())) {
                exists = it;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (exists != surface_list.end()) {
            exists->surface_types.insert(surface.get()->surface_extension.name);
        } else {
            // find surface.phys_device's corresponding AppGpu
            AppGpu *corresponding_gpu = nullptr;
            for (auto &gpu : gpus) {
                if (gpu->phys_device == surface->phys_device) corresponding_gpu = gpu.get();
            }
            if (corresponding_gpu != nullptr)
                surface_list.push_back({surface.get(), corresponding_gpu, {surface.get()->surface_extension.name}});
        }
    }
    for (auto &group : surface_list) {
        DumpSurface(p, inst, *group.gpu, *group.surface, group.surface_types);
    }
    p.AddNewline();
}
#endif  // defined(VULKANINFO_WSI_ENABLED)

void DumpGroups(Printer &p, AppInstance &inst) {
    if (inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_KHR_DEVICE_GROUP_CREATION_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
        auto groups = GetGroups(inst);
        if (groups.size() == 0) {
            p.SetHeader();
            ObjectWrapper obj(p, "Groups");
            p.PrintString("No Device Groups Found");
            p.AddNewline();
            return;
        }

        p.SetHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj_device_groups(p, "Device Groups");
        IndentWrapper indent(p);

        int group_id = 0;
        for (auto &group : groups) {
            ObjectWrapper obj_group(p, "Group " + std::to_string(group_id));
            auto group_props = GetGroupProps(inst, group);
            {
                ObjectWrapper obj_properties(p, "Properties");
                {
                    ArrayWrapper arr(p, "physicalDevices", group.physicalDeviceCount);
                    int id = 0;
                    for (auto &prop : group_props) {
                        p.PrintString(std::string(prop.deviceName) + " (ID: " + p.DecorateAsValue(std::to_string(id++)) + ")");
                    }
                }
                p.PrintKeyValue("subsetAllocation", group.subsetAllocation);
            }
            p.AddNewline();

            auto group_capabilities = GetGroupCapabilities(inst, group);
            if (!group_capabilities) {
                p.PrintKeyString("Present Capabilities",
                                 "Group does not support VK_KHR_device_group, skipping printing present capabilities");
            } else {
                ObjectWrapper obj_caps(p, "Present Capabilities");
                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < group.physicalDeviceCount; i++) {
                    ObjectWrapper obj_device(
                        p, std::string(group_props[i].deviceName) + " (ID: " + p.DecorateAsValue(std::to_string(i)) + ")");
                    ArrayWrapper arr(p, "Can present images from the following devices", group.physicalDeviceCount);

                    for (uint32_t j = 0; j < group.physicalDeviceCount; j++) {
                        uint32_t mask = 1 << j;
                        if (group_capabilities->presentMask[i] & mask) {
                            p.PrintString(std::string(group_props[j].deviceName) + " (ID: " + p.DecorateAsValue(std::to_string(j)) +
                                          ")");
                        }
                    }
                }
                DumpVkDeviceGroupPresentModeFlagsKHR(p, "Present modes", group_capabilities->modes);
            }
            p.AddNewline();
            group_id++;
        }
        p.AddNewline();
    }
}

void GpuDumpProps(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu, bool show_promoted_structs) {
    auto props = gpu.GetDeviceProperties();
    p.SetSubHeader();
    {
        ObjectWrapper obj(p, "VkPhysicalDeviceProperties");
        p.SetMinKeyWidth(17);
        if (p.Type() == OutputType::json) {
            p.PrintKeyValue("apiVersion", props.apiVersion);
            p.PrintKeyValue("driverVersion", props.driverVersion);
        } else {
            p.SetValueDescription(std::to_string(props.apiVersion)).PrintKeyString("apiVersion", APIVersion(props.apiVersion));
            p.SetValueDescription(std::to_string(props.driverVersion))
                .PrintKeyString("driverVersion", gpu.GetDriverVersionString());
        }
        p.PrintKeyString("vendorID", to_hex_str(props.vendorID));
        p.PrintKeyString("deviceID", to_hex_str(props.deviceID));
        p.PrintKeyString("deviceType", VkPhysicalDeviceTypeString(props.deviceType));
        p.PrintKeyString("deviceName", props.deviceName);
        p.PrintKeyValue("pipelineCacheUUID", props.pipelineCacheUUID);
    }
    p.AddNewline();
    DumpVkPhysicalDeviceLimits(p, "VkPhysicalDeviceLimits", gpu.props.limits);
    p.AddNewline();
    DumpVkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties(p, "VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties", gpu.props.sparseProperties);
    p.AddNewline();
    if (gpu.inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
        void *place = gpu.props2.pNext;
        chain_iterator_phys_device_props2(p, gpu.inst, gpu, show_promoted_structs, place);
    }
}

void GpuDumpQueueProps(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu, const AppQueueFamilyProperties &queue) {
    VkQueueFamilyProperties props = queue.props;
    p.SetSubHeader().SetElementIndex(static_cast<int>(queue.queue_index));
    ObjectWrapper obj_queue_props(p, "queueProperties");
    p.SetMinKeyWidth(27);
    if (p.Type() == OutputType::vkconfig_output) {
        DumpVkExtent3D(p, "minImageTransferGranularity", props.minImageTransferGranularity);
    } else {
        p.PrintKeyValue("minImageTransferGranularity", props.minImageTransferGranularity);
    }
    p.PrintKeyValue("queueCount", props.queueCount);
    p.PrintKeyString("queueFlags", VkQueueFlagsString(props.queueFlags));
    p.PrintKeyValue("timestampValidBits", props.timestampValidBits);

    if (!queue.can_present) {
        p.PrintKeyString("present support", "false");
    } else if (queue.can_always_present) {
        p.PrintKeyString("present support", "true");
    } else {
        size_t width = 0;
        for (const auto &support : queue.present_support) {
            if (support.first.size() > width) width = support.first.size();
        }
        ObjectWrapper obj_present_support(p, "present support");
        p.SetMinKeyWidth(width);
        for (const auto &support : queue.present_support) {
            p.PrintKeyString(support.first, support.second ? "true" : "false");
        }
    }
    chain_iterator_queue_properties2(p, gpu, queue.pNext);

    p.AddNewline();
}

// This prints a number of bytes in a human-readable format according to prefixes of the International System of Quantities (ISQ),
// defined in ISO/IEC 80000. The prefixes used here are not SI prefixes, but rather the binary prefixes based on powers of 1024
// (kibi-, mebi-, gibi- etc.).
#define kBufferSize 32

std::string NumToNiceStr(const size_t sz) {
    const char prefixes[] = "KMGTPEZY";
    char buf[kBufferSize];
    int which = -1;
    double result = (double)sz;
    while (result > 1024 && which < 7) {
        result /= 1024;
        ++which;
    }

    char unit[] = "\0i";
    if (which >= 0) {
        unit[0] = prefixes[which];
    }
#ifdef _WIN32
    _snprintf_s(buf, kBufferSize * sizeof(char), kBufferSize, "%.2f %sB", result, unit);
#else
    snprintf(buf, kBufferSize, "%.2f %sB", result, unit);
#endif
    return std::string(buf);
}

std::string append_human_readable(VkDeviceSize memory) {
    return std::to_string(memory) + " (" + to_hex_str(memory) + ") (" + NumToNiceStr(static_cast<size_t>(memory)) + ")";
}

void GpuDumpMemoryProps(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    p.SetHeader();
    ObjectWrapper obj_mem_props(p, "VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties");
    IndentWrapper indent(p);
    {
        ObjectWrapper obj_mem_heaps(p, "memoryHeaps", gpu.memory_props.memoryHeapCount);

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < gpu.memory_props.memoryHeapCount; ++i) {
            p.SetElementIndex(static_cast<int>(i));
            ObjectWrapper obj_mem_heap(p, "memoryHeaps");
            p.SetMinKeyWidth(6);
            p.PrintKeyString("size", append_human_readable(gpu.memory_props.memoryHeaps[i].size));
            if (gpu.CheckPhysicalDeviceExtensionIncluded(VK_EXT_MEMORY_BUDGET_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
                p.PrintKeyString("budget", append_human_readable(gpu.heapBudget[i]));
                p.PrintKeyString("usage", append_human_readable(gpu.heapUsage[i]));
            }
            DumpVkMemoryHeapFlags(p, "flags", gpu.memory_props.memoryHeaps[i].flags);
        }
    }
    {
        ObjectWrapper obj_mem_types(p, "memoryTypes", gpu.memory_props.memoryTypeCount);
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < gpu.memory_props.memoryTypeCount; ++i) {
            p.SetElementIndex(static_cast<int>(i));
            ObjectWrapper obj_mem_type(p, "memoryTypes");
            p.SetMinKeyWidth(13);
            p.PrintKeyValue("heapIndex", gpu.memory_props.memoryTypes[i].heapIndex);

            auto flags = gpu.memory_props.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags;
            DumpVkMemoryPropertyFlags(p, "propertyFlags = " + to_hex_str(flags), flags);

            ObjectWrapper usable_for(p, "usable for");
            const uint32_t memtype_bit = 1U << i;

            // only linear and optimal tiling considered
            for (auto &image_tiling : gpu.memory_image_support_types) {
                p.SetOpenDetails();
                ArrayWrapper arr(p, VkImageTilingString(VkImageTiling(image_tiling.tiling)));
                bool has_any_support_types = false;
                bool regular = false;
                bool transient = false;
                bool sparse = false;
                for (auto &image_format : image_tiling.formats) {
                    if (image_format.type_support.size() > 0) {
                        bool has_a_support_type = false;
                        for (auto &img_type : image_format.type_support) {
                            if (img_type.Compatible(memtype_bit)) {
                                has_a_support_type = true;
                                has_any_support_types = true;
                                if (img_type.type == ImageTypeSupport::Type::regular) regular = true;
                                if (img_type.type == ImageTypeSupport::Type::transient) transient = true;
                                if (img_type.type == ImageTypeSupport::Type::sparse) sparse = true;
                            }
                        }
                        if (has_a_support_type) {
                            if (image_format.format == color_format) {
                                p.PrintString("color images");
                            } else {
                                p.PrintString(VkFormatString(image_format.format));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (!has_any_support_types) {
                    p.PrintString("None");
                } else {
                    if (regular && !transient && sparse) p.PrintString("(non-transient)");
                    if (regular && transient && !sparse) p.PrintString("(non-sparse)");
                    if (regular && !transient && !sparse) p.PrintString("(non-sparse, non-transient)");
                    if (!regular && transient && sparse) p.PrintString("(sparse and transient only)");
                    if (!regular && !transient && sparse) p.PrintString("(sparse only)");
                    if (!regular && transient && !sparse) p.PrintString("(transient only)");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    p.AddNewline();
}

void GpuDumpFeatures(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu, bool show_promoted_structs) {
    p.SetHeader();
    DumpVkPhysicalDeviceFeatures(p, "VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures", gpu.features);
    p.AddNewline();
    if (gpu.inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
        void *place = gpu.features2.pNext;
        chain_iterator_phys_device_features2(p, gpu, show_promoted_structs, place);
    }
}

void GpuDumpTextFormatProperty(Printer &p, const AppGpu &gpu, PropFlags formats, const std::set<VkFormat> &format_list,
                               uint32_t counter) {
    p.SetElementIndex(counter);
    ObjectWrapper obj_common_group(p, "Common Format Group");
    IndentWrapper indent_inner(p);
    {
        ArrayWrapper arr_formats(p, "Formats", format_list.size());
        for (auto &fmt : format_list) {
            p.SetAsType().PrintString(VkFormatString(fmt));
        }
    }
    ObjectWrapper obj(p, "Properties");
    if (gpu.CheckPhysicalDeviceExtensionIncluded(VK_KHR_FORMAT_FEATURE_FLAGS_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
        DumpVkFormatFeatureFlags2(p, "linearTilingFeatures", formats.props3.linearTilingFeatures);
        DumpVkFormatFeatureFlags2(p, "optimalTilingFeatures", formats.props3.optimalTilingFeatures);
        DumpVkFormatFeatureFlags2(p, "bufferFeatures", formats.props3.bufferFeatures);
    } else {
        DumpVkFormatFeatureFlags(p, "linearTilingFeatures", formats.props.linearTilingFeatures);
        DumpVkFormatFeatureFlags(p, "optimalTilingFeatures", formats.props.optimalTilingFeatures);
        DumpVkFormatFeatureFlags(p, "bufferFeatures", formats.props.bufferFeatures);
    }
    p.AddNewline();
}

void GpuDumpToolingInfo(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    auto tools = GetToolingInfo(gpu);
    if (tools.size() > 0) {
        p.SetSubHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj(p, "Tooling Info");
        for (auto tool : tools) {
            DumpVkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties(p, tool.name, tool);
            p.AddNewline();
        }
    }
}

void GpuDumpCooperativeMatrix(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    auto props = GetCooperativeMatrixInfo(gpu);
    if (props.size() > 0) {
        p.SetSubHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj(p, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceCooperativeMatrixPropertiesKHR");
        for (const auto prop : props) {
            DumpVkCooperativeMatrixPropertiesKHR(p, "VkCooperativeMatrixPropertiesKHR", prop);
            p.AddNewline();
        }
    }
}

void GpuDumpCalibrateableTimeDomain(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    auto props = GetTimeDomainInfo(gpu);
    if (props.size() > 0) {
        p.SetSubHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj_mem_props(p, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceCalibrateableTimeDomainsKHR");
        {
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < props.size(); ++i) {
                p.SetElementIndex(static_cast<int>(i));
                DumpVkTimeDomainKHR(p, "pTimeDomains", props[i]);
                p.AddNewline();
            }
        }
    }
}

void GpuDumpFragmentShadingRate(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    auto props = GetFragmentShadingRateInfo(gpu);
    if (props.size() > 0) {
        p.SetSubHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj(p, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRatesKHR");
        for (const auto prop : props) {
            DumpVkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRateKHR(p, "VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRateKHR", prop);
            p.AddNewline();
        }
    }
}

// VK_EXT_sample_locations ('Multisample Properties' is too ambiguous of a name)
void GpuDumpSampleLocations(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    auto props = GetSampleLocationInfo(gpu);
    if (props.size() > 0) {
        p.SetSubHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj(p, "vkGetPhysicalDeviceMultisamplePropertiesEXT");
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < props.size(); i++) {
            const VkSampleCountFlagBits sample_count = (VkSampleCountFlagBits)(1 << i);
            DumpVkSampleCountFlagBits(p, "samples", sample_count);
            DumpVkMultisamplePropertiesEXT(p, "VkMultisamplePropertiesEXT", props[i]);
            p.AddNewline();
        }
    }
}

void GpuDevDump(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    p.SetHeader();
    ObjectWrapper obj_format_props(p, "Format Properties");
    IndentWrapper indent_outer(p);

    if (p.Type() == OutputType::text) {
        auto fmtPropMap = FormatPropMap(gpu);
        int counter = 0;
        std::set<VkFormat> unsupported_formats;
        for (auto &prop : fmtPropMap) {
            VkFormatProperties props = prop.first.props;
            VkFormatProperties3 props3 = prop.first.props3;
            if (props.linearTilingFeatures == 0 && props.optimalTilingFeatures == 0 && props.bufferFeatures == 0 &&
                props3.linearTilingFeatures == 0 && props3.optimalTilingFeatures == 0 && props3.bufferFeatures == 0) {
                unsupported_formats = prop.second;
                continue;
            }
            GpuDumpTextFormatProperty(p, gpu, prop.first, prop.second, counter++);
        }

        ArrayWrapper arr_unsupported_formats(p, "Unsupported Formats", unsupported_formats.size());
        for (auto &fmt : unsupported_formats) {
            p.SetAsType().PrintString(VkFormatString(fmt));
        }
    } else {
        std::set<VkFormat> formats_to_print;
        for (auto &format_range : format_ranges) {
            if (gpu.FormatRangeSupported(format_range)) {
                for (int32_t fmt_counter = format_range.first_format; fmt_counter <= format_range.last_format; ++fmt_counter) {
                    formats_to_print.insert(static_cast<VkFormat>(fmt_counter));
                }
            }
        }
        for (const auto &fmt : formats_to_print) {
            auto formats = get_format_properties(gpu, fmt);
            p.SetTitleAsType();
            if (gpu.CheckPhysicalDeviceExtensionIncluded(VK_KHR_FORMAT_FEATURE_FLAGS_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
                DumpVkFormatProperties3(p, VkFormatString(fmt), formats.props3);
            } else {
                DumpVkFormatProperties(p, VkFormatString(fmt), formats.props);
            }
        }
    }

    p.AddNewline();
}

void DumpVkVideoProfileInfoKHRCustom(Printer &p, std::string name, const VkVideoProfileInfoKHR &obj) {
    // We use custom dumping here because we do not want to output ignored fields
    // e.g. for monochrome chromaBitDepth is ignored
    ObjectWrapper object{p, name};
    DumpVkVideoCodecOperationFlagBitsKHR(p, "videoCodecOperation", obj.videoCodecOperation);
    DumpVkVideoChromaSubsamplingFlagsKHR(p, "chromaSubsampling", obj.chromaSubsampling);
    DumpVkVideoComponentBitDepthFlagsKHR(p, "lumaBitDepth", obj.lumaBitDepth);
    if (obj.chromaSubsampling != VK_VIDEO_CHROMA_SUBSAMPLING_MONOCHROME_BIT_KHR) {
        DumpVkVideoComponentBitDepthFlagsKHR(p, "chromaBitDepth", obj.chromaBitDepth);
    } else {
        DumpVkVideoComponentBitDepthFlagsKHR(p, "chromaBitDepth", 0);
    }
}

void GpuDumpVideoProfiles(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu, bool show_video_props) {
    p.SetHeader();
    ObjectWrapper video_profiles_obj(p, "Video Profiles", gpu.video_profiles.size());
    IndentWrapper indent_outer(p);

    if (p.Type() != OutputType::text || show_video_props) {
        // Video profile details per profile
        for (const auto &video_profile : gpu.video_profiles) {
            p.SetSubHeader();
            ObjectWrapper video_profile_obj(p, video_profile->name);
            IndentWrapper indent_inner(p);
            {
                p.SetSubHeader();
                ObjectWrapper profile_info_obj(p, "Video Profile Definition");
                p.SetSubHeader();
                DumpVkVideoProfileInfoKHRCustom(p, "VkVideoProfileInfoKHR", video_profile->profile_info);
                chain_iterator_video_profile_info(p, gpu, video_profile->profile_info.pNext);
            }
            {
                p.SetSubHeader();
                ObjectWrapper capabilities_obj(p, "Video Profile Capabilities");
                p.SetSubHeader();
                DumpVkVideoCapabilitiesKHR(p, "VkVideoCapabilitiesKHR", video_profile->capabilities);
                chain_iterator_video_capabilities(p, gpu, video_profile->capabilities.pNext);
            }
            {
                p.SetSubHeader();
                ObjectWrapper video_formats_obj(p, "Video Formats");
                for (const auto &video_formats_it : video_profile->formats_by_category) {
                    const auto &video_format_category_name = video_formats_it.first;
                    const auto &video_format_props = video_formats_it.second;
                    ObjectWrapper video_format_category(p, video_format_category_name, video_format_props.size());
                    for (size_t i = 0; i < video_format_props.size(); ++i) {
                        ObjectWrapper video_format_obj(p, video_format_category_name + " Format #" + std::to_string(i + 1));
                        p.SetSubHeader();
                        DumpVkVideoFormatPropertiesKHR(p, "VkVideoFormatPropertiesKHR", video_format_props[i]);
                        chain_iterator_video_format_properties(p, gpu, video_format_props[i].pNext);
                    }
                }
            }

            p.AddNewline();
        }
    } else {
        // Video profile list only
        for (const auto &video_profile : gpu.video_profiles) {
            p.PrintString(video_profile->name);
        }
    }

    p.AddNewline();
}

AppDisplayPlane::AppDisplayPlane(AppGpu &gpu, uint32_t index, const VkDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR &in_prop)
    : global_index(index), properties(in_prop) {
    std::ostringstream display_name;

    supported_displays = GetVector<VkDisplayKHR>("vkGetDisplayPlaneSupportedDisplaysKHR", vkGetDisplayPlaneSupportedDisplaysKHR,
                                                 gpu.phys_device, global_index);
}

std::vector<AppDisplayPlane> enumerate_display_planes(AppGpu &gpu) {
    std::vector<AppDisplayPlane> result;
    if (vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR) {
        auto planes = GetVector<VkDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR>("vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR",
                vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR, gpu.phys_device);
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < planes.size(); i++) {
            result.emplace_back(gpu, i, planes[i]);
        }
    }
    return result;
}

AppDisplayMode::AppDisplayMode(AppGpu &gpu, const VkDisplayModePropertiesKHR &in_properties,
                               const std::set<uint32_t> &supported_planes)
    : properties(in_properties) {
    for (auto plane : supported_planes) {
        VkDisplayPlaneCapabilitiesKHR cap;

        vkGetDisplayPlaneCapabilitiesKHR(gpu.phys_device, properties.displayMode, plane, &cap);
        capabilities[plane] = cap;
    }
}

static std::string MakeName(uint32_t index, const VkDisplayPropertiesKHR &prop) {
    std::stringstream name;
    name << "Display id : " << index << " (" << (prop.displayName ? prop.displayName : "<null>") << ")";
    return name.str();
}

AppDisplay::AppDisplay(AppGpu &gpu, uint32_t index, const VkDisplayPropertiesKHR &in_properties,
                       const std::vector<AppDisplayPlane> &all_planes)
    : global_index(index), name(MakeName(index, in_properties)), properties(in_properties) {
    auto mode_props = GetVector<VkDisplayModePropertiesKHR>("vkGetDisplayModePropertiesKHR", vkGetDisplayModePropertiesKHR,
                                                            gpu.phys_device, properties.display);

    std::set<uint32_t> supported_planes;
    for (const auto &plane : all_planes) {
        for (const auto &display : plane.supported_displays) {
            if (display == properties.display) {
                supported_planes.insert(plane.global_index);
            }
        }
    }

    for (const auto &prop : mode_props) {
        modes.emplace_back(gpu, prop, supported_planes);
    }
}

std::vector<AppDisplay> enumerate_displays(AppGpu &gpu, const std::vector<AppDisplayPlane> &all_planes) {
    std::vector<AppDisplay> result;

    if (vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPropertiesKHR) {
        auto properties = GetVector<VkDisplayPropertiesKHR>("vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPropertiesKHR",
                vkGetPhysicalDeviceDisplayPropertiesKHR, gpu.phys_device);

        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < properties.size(); i++) {
            result.emplace_back(gpu, i, properties[i], all_planes);
        }
    }
    return result;
}

void GpuDumpDisplays(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    if (gpu.displays.size() == 0) {
        return;
    }

    p.SetHeader();
    ObjectWrapper display_props_obj(p, "Display Properties", gpu.displays.size());

    for (const auto &display : gpu.displays) {
        p.SetSubHeader();
        ObjectWrapper display_obj(p, display.name);

        DumpVkDisplayPropertiesKHR(p, "VkDisplayPropertiesKHR", display.properties);
        ArrayWrapper arr(p, "Display Modes", display.modes.size());

        for (uint32_t m = 0; m < display.modes.size(); m++) {
            const auto &mode = display.modes[m];
            std::ostringstream mode_name;
            mode_name << "Display Mode : " << p.DecorateAsValue(std::to_string(m)) << " ("
                      << mode.properties.parameters.visibleRegion.width << " x " << mode.properties.parameters.visibleRegion.height
                      << ")";

            ObjectWrapper mode_obj(p, mode_name.str());

            DumpVkDisplayModeParametersKHR(p, "VkDisplayModeParametersKHR", mode.properties.parameters);

            ArrayWrapper cap_arr(p, "Display Plane Capabilities", mode.capabilities.size());
            for (const auto &cap : mode.capabilities) {
                std::ostringstream cap_name;
                cap_name << "Capabilities (Plane " << p.DecorateAsValue(std::to_string(cap.first)) << ")";

                ObjectWrapper cap_obj(p, cap_name.str());

                DumpVkDisplayPlaneCapabilitiesKHR(p, "VkDisplayPlaneCapabilitiesKHR", cap.second);
            }
        }
    }
}

void GpuDumpDisplayPlanes(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    if (gpu.display_planes.size() == 0) {
        return;
    }

    p.SetHeader();
    ObjectWrapper display_props_obj(p, "Display Plane Properties", gpu.display_planes.size());

    for (const auto &plane : gpu.display_planes) {
        p.SetSubHeader();
        ObjectWrapper display_obj(p, std::string("Display Plane id : ") + p.DecorateAsValue(std::to_string(plane.global_index)));

        auto *current = gpu.FindDisplay(plane.properties.currentDisplay);

        p.PrintKeyString("currentDisplay", current ? current->name.c_str() : "none");

        DumpVkDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR(p, "VkDisplayPlanePropertiesKHR", plane.properties);

        ArrayWrapper arr(p, "Supported Displays", plane.supported_displays.size());
        for (auto handle : plane.supported_displays) {
            auto *display = gpu.FindDisplay(handle);
            p.SetAsType().PrintString(display ? display->name.c_str() : "UNKNOWN");
        }
    }
}

struct ShowSettings {
    bool all = false;
    bool tool_props = false;
    bool formats = false;
    bool promoted_structs = false;
    bool video_props = false;
};

// Print gpu info for text, html, & vkconfig_output
// Uses a separate function than schema-json for clarity
void DumpGpu(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu, const ShowSettings &show) {
    ObjectWrapper obj_gpu(p, "GPU" + std::to_string(gpu.id));
    IndentWrapper indent(p);

    GpuDumpProps(p, gpu, show.promoted_structs);
    DumpExtensions(p, "Device Extensions", gpu.device_extensions);
    p.AddNewline();
    {
        p.SetHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj_family_props(p, "VkQueueFamilyProperties");
        for (const auto &queue_prop : gpu.extended_queue_props) {
            GpuDumpQueueProps(p, gpu, queue_prop);
        }
    }
    GpuDumpMemoryProps(p, gpu);
    GpuDumpFeatures(p, gpu, show.promoted_structs);
    if (show.tool_props) {
        GpuDumpToolingInfo(p, gpu);
    }

    if (show.all) {
        GpuDumpCooperativeMatrix(p, gpu);
        GpuDumpCalibrateableTimeDomain(p, gpu);
        GpuDumpFragmentShadingRate(p, gpu);
        GpuDumpSampleLocations(p, gpu);
    }

    if (p.Type() != OutputType::text || show.formats) {
        GpuDevDump(p, gpu);
    }

    if (!gpu.video_profiles.empty()) {
        GpuDumpVideoProfiles(p, gpu, show.video_props);
    }

    if (!gpu.displays.empty()) {
        GpuDumpDisplays(p, gpu);
    }

    if (!gpu.display_planes.empty()) {
        GpuDumpDisplayPlanes(p, gpu);
    }

    p.AddNewline();
}

// Print capabilities section of profiles schema
void DumpGpuProfileCapabilities(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu, bool show_promoted_structs) {
    ObjectWrapper capabilities(p, "capabilities");
    {
        ObjectWrapper temp_name_obj(p, "device");
        DumpExtensions(p, "extensions", gpu.device_extensions);
        {
            ObjectWrapper obj(p, "features");
            GpuDumpFeatures(p, gpu, show_promoted_structs);
        }
        {
            ObjectWrapper obj(p, "properties");
            {
                ObjectWrapper props_obj(p, "VkPhysicalDeviceProperties");
                auto props = gpu.GetDeviceProperties();
                p.PrintKeyValue("apiVersion", props.apiVersion);
                p.PrintKeyValue("deviceID", props.deviceID);
                p.PrintKeyString("deviceName", props.deviceName);
                p.PrintKeyString("deviceType", std::string("VK_") + VkPhysicalDeviceTypeString(props.deviceType));
                p.PrintKeyValue("driverVersion", props.driverVersion);

                DumpVkPhysicalDeviceLimits(p, "VkPhysicalDeviceLimits", gpu.props.limits);
                {
                    ArrayWrapper arr(p, "pipelineCacheUUID");
                    for (const auto &uuid : props.pipelineCacheUUID) p.PrintElement(static_cast<uint32_t>(uuid));
                }
                DumpVkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties(p, "VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties", gpu.props.sparseProperties);
                p.PrintKeyValue("vendorID", props.vendorID);
            }
            if (gpu.inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
                void *place = gpu.props2.pNext;
                chain_iterator_phys_device_props2(p, gpu.inst, gpu, show_promoted_structs, place);
            }
        }
        {
            ObjectWrapper obj(p, "formats");
            std::set<VkFormat> already_printed_formats;
            for (const auto &format : format_ranges) {
                if (gpu.FormatRangeSupported(format)) {
                    for (int32_t fmt_counter = format.first_format; fmt_counter <= format.last_format; ++fmt_counter) {
                        VkFormat fmt = static_cast<VkFormat>(fmt_counter);
                        if (already_printed_formats.count(fmt) > 0) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        auto formats = get_format_properties(gpu, fmt);

                        // don't print format properties that are unsupported
                        if (formats.props.linearTilingFeatures == 0 && formats.props.optimalTilingFeatures == 0 &&
                            formats.props.bufferFeatures == 0 && formats.props3.linearTilingFeatures == 0 &&
                            formats.props3.optimalTilingFeatures == 0 && formats.props3.bufferFeatures == 0)
                            continue;

                        ObjectWrapper format_obj(p, std::string("VK_") + VkFormatString(fmt));
                        {
                            // Want to explicitly list VkFormatProperties in addition to VkFormatProperties3 if available
                            DumpVkFormatProperties(p, "VkFormatProperties", formats.props);
                            VkFormatProperties2 format_props2{};
                            format_props2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2;
                            format_props2.formatProperties = formats.props;
                            std::unique_ptr<format_properties2_chain> chain_for_format_props2;
                            setup_format_properties2_chain(format_props2, chain_for_format_props2, gpu);
                            vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2KHR(gpu.phys_device, fmt, &format_props2);
                            chain_iterator_format_properties2(p, gpu, format_props2.pNext);
                        }
                        already_printed_formats.insert(fmt);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        {
            ArrayWrapper arr(p, "queueFamiliesProperties");
            for (const auto &extended_queue_prop : gpu.extended_queue_props) {
                ObjectWrapper queue_obj(p, "");
                {
                    ObjectWrapper obj_queue_props(p, "VkQueueFamilyProperties");
                    VkQueueFamilyProperties props = extended_queue_prop.props;
                    DumpVkExtent3D(p, "minImageTransferGranularity", props.minImageTransferGranularity);
                    p.PrintKeyValue("queueCount", props.queueCount);
                    DumpVkQueueFlags(p, "queueFlags", props.queueFlags);
                    p.PrintKeyValue("timestampValidBits", props.timestampValidBits);
                }
                chain_iterator_queue_properties2(p, gpu, extended_queue_prop.pNext);
            }
        }
        if (!gpu.video_profiles.empty()) {
            ArrayWrapper video_profiles(p, "videoProfiles");
            for (const auto &video_profile : gpu.video_profiles) {
                ObjectWrapper video_profile_obj(p, "");
                {
                    ObjectWrapper profile_info_obj(p, "profile");
                    DumpVkVideoProfileInfoKHRCustom(p, "VkVideoProfileInfoKHR", video_profile->profile_info);
                    chain_iterator_video_profile_info(p, gpu, video_profile->profile_info.pNext);
                }
                {
                    ObjectWrapper capabilities_obj(p, "capabilities");
                    DumpVkVideoCapabilitiesKHR(p, "VkVideoCapabilitiesKHR", video_profile->capabilities);
                    chain_iterator_video_capabilities(p, gpu, video_profile->capabilities.pNext);
                }
                {
                    ArrayWrapper video_formats(p, "formats");
                    for (const auto &video_format : video_profile->formats) {
                        ObjectWrapper video_format_obj(p, "");
                        DumpVkVideoFormatPropertiesKHR(p, "VkVideoFormatPropertiesKHR", video_format.properties);
                        chain_iterator_video_format_properties(p, gpu, video_format.properties.pNext);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
#if defined(VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS)
    // Print portability subset extension, features, and properties if available
    if (gpu.CheckPhysicalDeviceExtensionIncluded(VK_KHR_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_EXTENSION_NAME) &&
        (gpu.inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME) ||
         gpu.inst.api_version >= VK_API_VERSION_1_1)) {
        ObjectWrapper macos_obj(p, "macos-specific");
        {
            ObjectWrapper ext_obj(p, "extensions");
            const std::string portability_ext_name = VK_KHR_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_EXTENSION_NAME;
            for (const auto &ext : gpu.device_extensions) {
                if (portability_ext_name == ext.extensionName) {
                    p.PrintExtension(ext.extensionName, ext.specVersion);
                }
            }
        }
        {
            ObjectWrapper features_obj(p, "features");
            void *feats_place = gpu.features2.pNext;
            while (feats_place) {
                VkBaseOutStructure *structure = static_cast<VkBaseOutStructure *>(feats_place);
                if (structure->sType == VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_FEATURES_KHR) {
                    auto *features = reinterpret_cast<VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR *>(structure);
                    DumpVkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR(p, "VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR", *features);
                    break;
                }
                feats_place = structure->pNext;
            }
        }
        {
            ObjectWrapper property_obj(p, "properties");
            void *props_place = gpu.props2.pNext;
            while (props_place) {
                VkBaseOutStructure *structure = static_cast<VkBaseOutStructure *>(props_place);
                if (structure->sType == VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_PROPERTIES_KHR) {
                    auto *props = reinterpret_cast<VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetPropertiesKHR *>(structure);
                    DumpVkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetPropertiesKHR(p, "VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetPropertiesKHR", *props);
                    break;
                }
                props_place = structure->pNext;
            }
        }
    }
#endif  // defined(VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS)
}
void PrintProfileBaseInfo(Printer &p, const std::string &device_name, uint32_t apiVersion, const std::string &device_label,
                          const std::vector<std::string> &capabilities) {
    ObjectWrapper vk_info(p, device_name);
    p.PrintKeyValue("version", 1);
    p.PrintKeyString("api-version", APIVersion(apiVersion).str());
    p.PrintKeyString("label", device_label);
    p.PrintKeyString("description", std::string("Exported from ") + APP_SHORT_NAME);
    {
        ObjectWrapper contributors(p, "contributors");
    }
    {
        ArrayWrapper contributors(p, "history");
        ObjectWrapper element(p, "");
        p.PrintKeyValue("revision", 1);
        std::time_t t = std::time(0);  // get time now
        std::tm *now = std::localtime(&t);
        std::string date =
            std::to_string(now->tm_year + 1900) + '-' + std::to_string(now->tm_mon + 1) + '-' + std::to_string(now->tm_mday);
        p.PrintKeyString("date", date);
        p.PrintKeyString("author", std::string("Automated export from ") + APP_SHORT_NAME);
        p.PrintKeyString("comment", "");
    }
    ArrayWrapper contributors(p, "capabilities");
    for (const auto &str : capabilities) p.PrintString(str);
}

// Prints profiles section of profiles schema
void DumpGpuProfileInfo(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    ObjectWrapper profiles(p, "profiles");

    std::string device_label = std::string(gpu.props.deviceName) + " driver " + gpu.GetDriverVersionString();
    std::string device_name =
        std::string("VP_" APP_UPPER_CASE_NAME "_") + std::string(gpu.props.deviceName) + "_" + gpu.GetDriverVersionString();
    ;
    for (auto &c : device_name) {
        if (c == ' ' || c == '.') c = '_';
    }
    PrintProfileBaseInfo(p, device_name, gpu.props.apiVersion, device_label, {"device"});
#if defined(VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS)
    if (gpu.CheckPhysicalDeviceExtensionIncluded(VK_KHR_PORTABILITY_SUBSET_EXTENSION_NAME) &&
        (gpu.inst.CheckExtensionEnabled(VK_KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME) ||
         gpu.inst.api_version >= VK_API_VERSION_1_1)) {
        PrintProfileBaseInfo(p, device_name + "_portability_subset", gpu.props.apiVersion, device_label + " subset",
                             {"device", "macos-specific"});
    }
#endif  // defined(VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS)
}

// Print summary of system
void DumpSummaryInstance(Printer &p, AppInstance &inst) {
    p.SetSubHeader();
    DumpExtensions(p, "Instance Extensions", inst.global_extensions, true);
    p.AddNewline();

    p.SetSubHeader();
    ArrayWrapper arr(p, "Instance Layers", inst.global_layers.size());
    IndentWrapper indent(p);
    std::sort(inst.global_layers.begin(), inst.global_layers.end(), [](LayerExtensionList &left, LayerExtensionList &right) -> int {
        return std::strncmp(left.layer_properties.layerName, right.layer_properties.layerName, VK_MAX_DESCRIPTION_SIZE) < 0;
    });
    size_t layer_name_max = 0;
    size_t layer_desc_max = 0;
    size_t layer_version_max = 0;

    // find max of each type to align everything in columns
    for (auto &layer : inst.global_layers) {
        auto props = layer.layer_properties;
        layer_name_max = std::max(layer_name_max, strlen(props.layerName));
        layer_desc_max = std::max(layer_desc_max, strlen(props.description));
        layer_version_max = std::max(layer_version_max, APIVersion(layer.layer_properties.specVersion).str().size());
    }
    for (auto &layer : inst.global_layers) {
        auto v_str = APIVersion(layer.layer_properties.specVersion).str();
        auto props = layer.layer_properties;

        auto name_padding = std::string(layer_name_max - strlen(props.layerName), ' ');
        auto desc_padding = std::string(layer_desc_max - strlen(props.description), ' ');
        auto version_padding = std::string(layer_version_max - v_str.size(), ' ');
        p.PrintString(std::string(props.layerName) + name_padding + " " + props.description + desc_padding + " " + v_str + " " +
                      version_padding + " version " + std::to_string(props.implementationVersion));
    }
    p.AddNewline();
}

void DumpSummaryGPU(Printer &p, AppGpu &gpu) {
    ObjectWrapper obj(p, "GPU" + std::to_string(gpu.id));
    p.SetMinKeyWidth(18);
    auto props = gpu.GetDeviceProperties();
    p.PrintKeyValue("apiVersion", APIVersion(props.apiVersion));
    if (gpu.found_driver_props) {
        p.PrintKeyString("driverVersion", gpu.GetDriverVersionString());
    } else {
        p.PrintKeyValue("driverVersion", props.driverVersion);
    }
    p.PrintKeyString("vendorID", to_hex_str(props.vendorID));
    p.PrintKeyString("deviceID", to_hex_str(props.deviceID));
    p.PrintKeyString("deviceType", VkPhysicalDeviceTypeString(props.deviceType));
    p.PrintKeyString("deviceName", props.deviceName);

    if (gpu.found_driver_props) {
        DumpVkDriverId(p, "driverID", gpu.driverID);
        p.PrintKeyString("driverName", gpu.driverName);
        p.PrintKeyString("driverInfo", gpu.driverInfo);
        p.PrintKeyValue("conformanceVersion", gpu.conformanceVersion);
    }
    if (gpu.found_device_id_props) {
        p.PrintKeyValue("deviceUUID", gpu.deviceUUID);
        p.PrintKeyValue("driverUUID", gpu.driverUUID);
    }
}

// ============ Printing Logic ============= //

#ifdef _WIN32
// Enlarges the console window to have a large scrollback size.
static void ConsoleEnlarge() {
    const HANDLE console_handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

    // make the console window bigger
    CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbi;
    COORD buffer_size;
    if (GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console_handle, &csbi)) {
        buffer_size.X = csbi.dwSize.X + 30;
        buffer_size.Y = 20000;
        SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(console_handle, buffer_size);
    }

    SMALL_RECT r;
    r.Left = r.Top = 0;
    r.Right = csbi.dwSize.X - 1 + 30;
    r.Bottom = 50;
    SetConsoleWindowInfo(console_handle, true, &r);

    // change the console window title
    SetConsoleTitle(TEXT(APP_SHORT_NAME));
}
#endif

// Global configuration
enum class OutputCategory { text, html, profile_json, vkconfig_output, summary };
const char *help_message_body =
    "OPTIONS:\n"
    "[-h, --help]         Print this help.\n"
    "[--summary]          Show a summary of the instance and GPU's on a system.\n"
    "[-o <filename>, --output <filename>]\n"
    "                     Print output to a new file whose name is specified by filename.\n"
    "                     File will be written to the current working directory.\n"
    "[--text]             Produce a text version of " APP_SHORT_NAME
    " output to stdout. This is\n"
    "                     the default output.\n"
    "[--html]             Produce an html version of " APP_SHORT_NAME
    " output, saved as\n"
    "                     \"" APP_SHORT_NAME
    ".html\" in the directory in which the command\n"
    "                     is run.\n"
    "[-j, --json]         Produce a json version of " APP_SHORT_NAME
    " output conforming to the Vulkan\n"
    "                     Profiles schema, saved as \n"
    "                     \"VP_" APP_UPPER_CASE_NAME
    "_[DEVICE_NAME]_[DRIVER_VERSION].json\"\n"
    "                     of the first gpu in the system.\n"
    "[-j=<gpu-number>, --json=<gpu-number>]\n"
    "                     For a multi-gpu system, a single gpu can be targeted by\n"
    "                     specifying the gpu-number associated with the gpu of \n"
    "                     interest. This number can be determined by running\n"
    "                     " APP_SHORT_NAME
    " without any options specified.\n"
    "[--show-all]         Show everything (includes all the below options)\n"
    "[--show-tool-props]  Show the active VkPhysicalDeviceToolPropertiesEXT that " APP_SHORT_NAME
    " finds.\n"
    "[--show-formats]     Display the format properties of each physical device.\n"
    "                     Note: This only affects text output.\n"
    "[--show-promoted-structs] Include structs promoted to core in pNext Chains.\n"
    "[--show-video-props]\n"
    "                     Display the video profile info, video capabilities and\n"
    "                     video format properties of each video profile supported\n"
    "                     by each physical device.\n"
    "                     Note: This only affects text output which by default\n"
    "                     only contains the list of supported video profile names.\n";

void print_usage(const std::string &executable_name) {
    std::cout << "\n" APP_SHORT_NAME " - Summarize " API_NAME " information in relation to the current environment.\n\n";
    std::cout << "USAGE: \n";
    std::cout << "    " << executable_name << " --summary\n";
    std::cout << "    " << executable_name << " -o <filename> | --output <filename>\n";
    std::cout << "    " << executable_name << " -j | -j=<gpu-number> | --json | --json=<gpu-number>\n";
    std::cout << "    " << executable_name << " --text\n";
    std::cout << "    " << executable_name << " --html\n";
    std::cout << "    " << executable_name << " --show-all\n";
    std::cout << "    " << executable_name << " --show-formats\n";
    std::cout << "    " << executable_name << " --show-tool-props\n";
    std::cout << "    " << executable_name << " --show-promoted-structs\n";
    std::cout << "    " << executable_name << " --show-video-props\n";
    std::cout << "\n" << help_message_body << std::endl;
}

struct ParsedResults {
    OutputCategory output_category = OutputCategory::text;
    uint32_t selected_gpu = 0;
    bool has_selected_gpu = false;  // differentiate between selecting the 0th gpu and using the default 0th value
    ShowSettings show;
    bool print_to_file = false;
    std::string filename;  // set if explicitly given, or if vkconfig_output has a <path> argument
    std::string default_filename;
};

util::vulkaninfo_optional<ParsedResults> parse_arguments(int argc, char** argv, std::string executable_name) {
    ParsedResults results{};
    results.default_filename = APP_SHORT_NAME ".txt";
    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
        // A internal-use-only format for communication with the Vulkan Configurator tool
        // Usage "--vkconfig_output <path>"
        // -o can be used to specify the filename instead
        auto& arg = argv[i];
        if (0 == strcmp("--vkconfig_output", argv[i])) {
            results.output_category = OutputCategory::vkconfig_output;
            results.print_to_file = true;
            results.default_filename = APP_SHORT_NAME ".json";
            if (argc > (i + 1) && argv[i + 1][0] != '-') {
#ifdef WIN32
                results.filename = (std::string(argv[i + 1]) + "\\" APP_SHORT_NAME ".json");
#else
                results.filename = (std::string(argv[i + 1]) + "/" APP_SHORT_NAME ".json");
#endif
                ++i;
            }
        } else if (strncmp("--json", argv[i], 6) == 0 || strncmp(argv[i], "-j", 2) == 0) {
            if (strlen(argv[i]) > 7 && strncmp("--json=", argv[i], 7) == 0) {
                results.selected_gpu = static_cast<uint32_t>(strtol(argv[i] + 7, nullptr, 10));
                results.has_selected_gpu = true;
            }
            if (strlen(argv[i]) > 3 && strncmp("-j=", argv[i], 3) == 0) {
                results.selected_gpu = static_cast<uint32_t>(strtol(argv[i] + 3, nullptr, 10));
                results.has_selected_gpu = true;
            }
            results.output_category = OutputCategory::profile_json;
            results.default_filename = APP_SHORT_NAME ".json";
            results.print_to_file = true;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--summary") == 0) {
            results.output_category = OutputCategory::summary;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--text") == 0) {
            results.output_category = OutputCategory::text;
            results.default_filename = APP_SHORT_NAME ".txt";
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--html") == 0) {
            results.output_category = OutputCategory::html;
            results.print_to_file = true;
            results.default_filename = APP_SHORT_NAME ".html";
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--show-all") == 0) {
            results.show.all = true;
            results.show.tool_props = true;
            results.show.formats = true;
            results.show.promoted_structs = true;
            results.show.video_props = true;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--show-tool-props") == 0) {
            results.show.tool_props = true;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--show-formats") == 0) {
            results.show.formats = true;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--show-promoted-structs") == 0) {
            results.show.promoted_structs = true;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--show-video-props") == 0) {
            results.show.video_props = true;
        } else if ((strcmp(argv[i], "--output") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-o") == 0) && argc > (i + 1)) {
            if (argv[i + 1][0] == '-') {
                std::cout << "-o or --output must be followed by a filename\n";
                return {};
            }
            results.print_to_file = true;
            results.filename = argv[i + 1];
            ++i;
        } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
            print_usage(executable_name);
            return {};
        } else
            continue;
    }
    return results;
}

PrinterCreateDetails get_printer_create_details(ParsedResults &parse_data, AppInstance &inst, AppGpu &selected_gpu,
                                                std::string const &executable_name) {
    PrinterCreateDetails create{};
    create.print_to_file = parse_data.print_to_file;
    create.file_name = (!parse_data.filename.empty()) ? parse_data.filename : parse_data.default_filename;
    switch (parse_data.output_category) {
        default:
        case (OutputCategory::text):
            create.output_type = OutputType::text;
            break;
        case (OutputCategory::html):
            create.output_type = OutputType::html;
            break;
        case (OutputCategory::profile_json):
            create.output_type = OutputType::json;
            create.start_string =
                std::string("{\n\t\"$schema\": ") + "\"https://schema.khronos.org/vulkan/profiles-0.8-latest.json\"";
            if (parse_data.filename.empty()) {
                create.file_name = std::string("VP_" APP_UPPER_CASE_NAME "_") + std::string(selected_gpu.props.deviceName) + "_" +
                                   selected_gpu.GetDriverVersionString();
                for (auto &c : create.file_name) {
                    if (c == ' ' || c == '.') c = '_';
                }
                create.file_name += ".json";
            }
            break;
        case (OutputCategory::vkconfig_output):
            create.output_type = OutputType::vkconfig_output;
            create.start_string = "{\n\t\"" API_NAME " Instance Version\": \"" + inst.api_version.str() + "\"";
            break;
    }
    return create;
}

void RunPrinter(Printer &p, ParsedResults parse_data, AppInstance &instance, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<AppGpu>> &gpus,
                std::vector<std::unique_ptr<AppSurface>> &surfaces) {
#ifdef VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK
    p.SetAlwaysOpenDetails(true);
#endif
    if (parse_data.output_category == OutputCategory::summary) {
        DumpSummaryInstance(p, instance);
        p.SetHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj(p, "Devices");
        IndentWrapper indent(p);
        for (auto &gpu : gpus) {
            DumpSummaryGPU(p, *(gpu.get()));
        }
    } else if (parse_data.output_category == OutputCategory::profile_json) {
        DumpGpuProfileCapabilities(p, *(gpus.at(parse_data.selected_gpu).get()), parse_data.show.promoted_structs);
        DumpGpuProfileInfo(p, *(gpus.at(parse_data.selected_gpu).get()));
    } else {
        // text, html, vkconfig_output
        p.SetHeader();
        DumpExtensions(p, "Instance Extensions", instance.global_extensions);
        p.AddNewline();

        DumpLayers(p, instance.global_layers, gpus);
#if defined(VULKANINFO_WSI_ENABLED)
        // Doesn't print anything if no surfaces are available
        DumpPresentableSurfaces(p, instance, gpus, surfaces);
#endif  // defined(VULKANINFO_WSI_ENABLED)
        DumpGroups(p, instance);

        p.SetHeader();
        ObjectWrapper obj(p, "Device Properties and Extensions");
        IndentWrapper indent(p);

        for (auto &gpu : gpus) {
            DumpGpu(p, *(gpu.get()), parse_data.show);
        }
    }
}

#ifdef VKINFO_EXECUTABLE
#ifdef VK_USE_PLATFORM_IOS_MVK
// On iOS, we'll call this ourselves from a parent routine in the GUI
int vulkanInfoMain(int argc, char **argv) {
#else
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
#endif
    return vulkaninfo(argc, argv);
}
#endif

int vulkaninfo(int argc, char** argv) {
    // Figure out the name of the executable, pull out the name if given a path
    // Default is `vulkaninfo`
    std::string executable_name = APP_SHORT_NAME;

    auto parsing_return = parse_arguments(argc, argv, executable_name);
    if (!parsing_return) return 1;
    ParsedResults parse_data = parsing_return.value();

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
    _set_abort_behavior(0, _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT);
    SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX);
    _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRTDBG_MODE_FILE);
    _CrtSetReportFile(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRTDBG_FILE_STDERR);

    if (ConsoleIsExclusive()) ConsoleEnlarge();
    User32Handles local_user32_handles;
    user32_handles = &local_user32_handles;
    if (!local_user32_handles.load()) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to load user32.dll library!\n");
        if (parse_data.output_category == OutputCategory::text && !parse_data.print_to_file) wait_for_console_destroy();
        return 1;
    }
#endif

    int return_code = 0;  // set in case of error
    std::unique_ptr<Printer> printer;
    std::ostream std_out(std::cout.rdbuf());
    std::ofstream file_out;
    std::ostream *out = &std_out;

    // if any essential vulkan call fails, it throws an exception
    try {
        AppInstance instance = {};
        SetupWindowExtensions(instance);

        auto phys_devices = instance.FindPhysicalDevices();

#if defined(VULKANINFO_WSI_ENABLED)
        for (auto &surface_extension : instance.surface_extensions) {
            // If the surface extension has a create_window function then call it to create the single shared window
            if (surface_extension.create_window) {
                try {
                    surface_extension.create_window(instance);
                } catch (std::exception &e) {
                    std::cerr << "ERROR while creating window for surface extension " << surface_extension.name << " : " << e.what()
                              << "\n";
                    continue;
                }
            }

            // If the surface extension has a create_surface function then call it to create the single shared surface
            if (surface_extension.create_surface) {
                try {
                    surface_extension.surface = surface_extension.create_surface(instance);
                } catch (std::exception &e) {
                    std::cerr << "ERROR while creating surface for extension " << surface_extension.name << " : " << e.what()
                              << "\n";
                }
            }
        }

        struct WsiExiter {
            AppInstance &instance;
            ~WsiExiter() {
                for (auto &surface_extension : instance.surface_extensions) {
                    // If the surface is shared across physical devices then we have to destroy it here as there's a single shared
                    // surface for the AppInstance object (contrarily to per physical device surfaces that are maintained by AppSurface)
                    if (surface_extension.create_surface) {
                        vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance.instance, surface_extension.surface, nullptr);
                    }
                    // If the surface extension has a destroy_window function then call it to destroy the single shared window
                    if (surface_extension.destroy_window) {
                        surface_extension.destroy_window(instance);
                    }
                }
            }
        } exiter{instance};

#endif  // defined(VULKANINFO_WSI_ENABLED)

        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<AppGpu>> gpus;

        uint32_t gpu_counter = 0;
        for (auto &phys_device : phys_devices) {
            // Take a copy of the surface extensions list as some may be per physical device (e.g. VK_KHR_display)
            auto surface_extensions = instance.surface_extensions;
#if defined(VULKANINFO_WSI_ENABLED)
            for (auto &surface_extension : surface_extensions) {
                // If the surface extension has a create_surface_for_physical_device function then call it to create
                // the physical device specific surface
                if (surface_extension.create_surface_for_physical_device) {
                    try {
                        surface_extension.surface = surface_extension.create_surface_for_physical_device(instance, phys_device);
                    } catch (std::exception &e) {
                        std::cerr << "ERROR while creating surface for extension " << surface_extension.name << " : " << e.what()
                                  << "\n";
                    }
                }
            }
#endif  // defined(VULKANINFO_WSI_ENABLED)
            gpus.push_back(std::unique_ptr<AppGpu>(
                new AppGpu(instance, gpu_counter++, phys_device, parse_data.show.promoted_structs, std::move(surface_extensions))));
        }

        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<AppSurface>> surfaces;
#if defined(VULKANINFO_WSI_ENABLED)
        for (auto &gpu : gpus) {
            for (auto &surface_extension : gpu->surface_extensions) {
                if (surface_extension.surface == VK_NULL_HANDLE) continue;
                try {
                    // check if the surface is supported by the physical device before adding it to the list
                    VkBool32 supported = VK_FALSE;
                    VkResult err = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(gpu->phys_device, 0, surface_extension.surface, &supported);
                    if (err != VK_SUCCESS || supported == VK_FALSE) continue;

                    surfaces.push_back(
                        std::unique_ptr<AppSurface>(new AppSurface(instance, *gpu.get(), gpu->phys_device, surface_extension)));
                } catch (std::exception &e) {
                    std::cerr << "ERROR while creating surface for extension " << surface_extension.name << " : " << e.what()
                              << "\n";
                }
            }
        }
#endif  // defined(VULKANINFO_WSI_ENABLED)

        if (parse_data.selected_gpu >= gpus.size()) {
            if (parse_data.has_selected_gpu) {
                std::cout << "The selected gpu (" << parse_data.selected_gpu << ") is not a valid GPU index. ";
                if (gpus.size() == 0) {
                    std::cout << APP_SHORT_NAME " could not find any GPU's.\n";
                    return 1;
                } else {
                    if (gpus.size() == 1) {
                        std::cout << "The only available GPU selection is 0.\n";
                    } else {
                        std::cout << "The available GPUs are in the range of 0 to " << gpus.size() - 1 << ".\n";
                    }
                    return 1;
                }
            } else if (parse_data.output_category == OutputCategory::profile_json) {
                std::cout << APP_SHORT_NAME " could not find any GPU's.\n";
            }
        }

        auto printer_data = get_printer_create_details(parse_data, instance, *gpus.at(parse_data.selected_gpu), executable_name);
        if (printer_data.print_to_file) {
            file_out = std::ofstream(printer_data.file_name);
            out = &file_out;
        }
        printer = std::unique_ptr<Printer>(new Printer(printer_data, *out, instance.api_version));

        RunPrinter(*(printer.get()), parse_data, instance, gpus, surfaces);

        // Call the printer's destructor before the file handle gets closed
        printer.reset(nullptr);
    } catch (std::exception &e) {
        // Print the error to stderr and leave all outputs in a valid state (mainly for json)
        std::cerr << "ERROR at " << e.what() << "\n";
        if (printer) {
            printer->FinishOutput();
        }
        return_code = 1;

        // Call the printer's destructor before the file handle gets closed
        printer.reset(nullptr);
    }

#ifdef _WIN32
    if (parse_data.output_category == OutputCategory::text && !parse_data.print_to_file) wait_for_console_destroy();
#endif

    return return_code;
}