diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22720dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  tests:
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 20
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          # Lower support boundary: oldest Python plus the minimum
+          # supported versions of the core dependencies
+          - name: Python 3.10 + minimum deps
+            python-version: "3.10"
+            pip-args: -c requirements-min.txt
+          # Forward boundary: newest supported Python plus current
+          # versions of all dependencies
+          - name: Python 3.14 + latest deps
+            python-version: "3.14"
+            pip-args: ""
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          cache: pip
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            pyproject.toml
+            requirements-min.txt
+
+      - name: Install package and test dependencies
+        run: python -m pip install ".[test]" ${{ matrix.pip-args }}
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: python -m pytest --cov
+
+  quality:
+    name: Code quality
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.14"
+          cache: pip
+          cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml
+
+      - name: Install ruff
+        run: python -m pip install ruff
+
+      - name: Check source
+        run: ruff check orca
diff --git a/.github/workflows/code-style.yml b/.github/workflows/code-style.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index bc852cd..0000000
--- a/.github/workflows/code-style.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-name: Code style
-
-# This workflow runs code style checks.
-
-on:
-  push:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-      with:
-        python-version: 3.8
-    - name: Check code style
-      run: |
-        pip install pycodestyle
-        pycodestyle orca --max-line-length 100
diff --git a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 4cdafc5..0000000
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-name: Coverage
-
-# This workflow generates a coverage report (how much of the codebase is covered by the
-# unit tests) and posts headline metrics to the PR thread.
-
-on:
-  # push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-      with:
-        python-version: 3.8
-    - name: Install Orca
-      run: |
-        pip install .
-        pip install flask pygments  # for server component tests
-    - name: Generate coverage report
-      run: |
-        pip install pytest coverage
-        coverage run --source orca --module pytest --verbose
-        coverage report --show-missing
-        echo "coverage=$(coverage report | grep '^TOTAL' | grep -oE '[^ ]+$')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-    - name: Post comment on PR
-      uses: unsplash/comment-on-pr@master
-      env: 
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      with:
-        msg: "Test coverage is ${{ env.coverage }}"
-        check_for_duplicate_msg: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/cross-compatibility.yml b/.github/workflows/cross-compatibility.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index e54e001..0000000
--- a/.github/workflows/cross-compatibility.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: Cross-compatibility
-
-# This workflow runs the unit tests across a range of Python versions and operating
-# systems.
-
-on:
-  # push:
-  pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: [3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, '3.10']
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - name: Install Orca
-      run: |
-        pip install .
-        pip install flask pygments  # for server component tests
-    - name: Run unit tests
-      run: |
-        pip install pytest
-        pytest -s
diff --git a/.github/workflows/installation.yml b/.github/workflows/installation.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ea4295..0000000
--- a/.github/workflows/installation.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-name: Installation
-
-# This workflow tests installation from Pip and Conda across a range of Python versions
-# and operating systems. You can run this manually after a new release is posted to
-# confirm that it installs smoothly. This workflow also runs periodically in the
-# background to catch dependency updates that cause problems.
-
-on:
-  # push:
-  # pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-  - cron: '0 3 * * 1'  # every Monday at 3am UTC (Sunday evening Calif time)
-
-jobs:
-  pip:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: [3.8, 3.9, '3.10']
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - name: Install Orca
-      run: |
-        pip install orca
-
-  conda:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash -l {0}  # needed for conda persistence
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: [3.8, 3.9, '3.10']
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v2
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - name: Install Orca
-      run: |
-        conda install orca --channel conda-forge
diff --git a/.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 751c4ab..0000000
--- a/.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-name: Unit tests
-
-# This workflow runs the unit tests in a single generic environment (recent but stable
-# Python version on recent but stable Ubuntu). The cross-compatibility.yml workflow runs
-# the same tests across multiple platforms.
-
-on:
-  push:
-  # pull_request:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-      with:
-        python-version: 3.8
-    - name: Install Orca
-      run: |
-        pip install .
-        pip install flask pygments  # for server component tests
-    - name: Run unit tests
-      run: |
-        pip install pytest
-        pytest -s
diff --git a/HISTORY.rst b/HISTORY.rst
index e563999..e8a7c25 100644
--- a/HISTORY.rst
+++ b/HISTORY.rst
@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+Next release
+============
+
+* Require Python 3.10 or newer.
+* Support pandas 2 and 3, NumPy 2, and current PyTables, with minimum
+  versions of pandas 1.5, NumPy 1.21, PyTables 3.8, and PyToolz 0.12.
+* Behavior change under pandas 3: with ``copy_col=False``, pandas's
+  mandatory copy-on-write means that modifying a column returned from a
+  table no longer writes through to the table's underlying DataFrame.
+  Use ``update_col`` or ``update_col_from_series`` to change table values.
+* Modernize Python packaging and continuous integration.
+
 v1.8
 ====
 
diff --git a/MANIFEST.in b/MANIFEST.in
index 0d55727..52229d4 100644
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 include HISTORY.rst
 include LICENSE.txt
 include README.rst
+recursive-include orca/tests *.py
+recursive-include orca/utils/tests *.py
diff --git a/orca/__init__.py b/orca/__init__.py
index 092669a..bccb854 100644
--- a/orca/__init__.py
+++ b/orca/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+__version__ = "1.9.dev0"
+
 from .orca import *
 
-version = __version__ = '1.8'
+version = __version__
diff --git a/orca/orca.py b/orca/orca.py
index 8dfecc1..682d7cd 100644
--- a/orca/orca.py
+++ b/orca/orca.py
@@ -2,22 +2,14 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2022 UrbanSim Inc.
 # See full license in LICENSE.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-try:
-    from inspect import getfullargspec as getargspec
-except ImportError:
-    from inspect import getargspec
 import logging
 import time
 import warnings
 from collections import namedtuple
-try:
-    from collections.abc import Callable
-except ImportError:  # Python 2.7
-    from collections import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from functools import wraps
+from inspect import getfullargspec
 
 
 import pandas as pd
@@ -191,7 +183,6 @@ def _update_scope(wrapper, new_scope=None):
         raise ValueError(msg)
 
     # update the cache properties
-    curr_cache = wrapper.cache
     curr_scope = wrapper.cache_scope
     if new_scope is None:
         # set to defaults, i.e. no caching
@@ -328,7 +319,10 @@ class DataFrameWrapper(object):
         Name for the table.
     frame : pandas.DataFrame
     copy_col : bool, optional
-        Whether to return copies when evaluating columns.
+        Whether to return copies when evaluating columns. When False,
+        returned columns share memory with the underlying DataFrame;
+        note that under pandas 3's copy-on-write behavior, modifying
+        such a column no longer writes through to the table.
 
     Attributes
     ----------
@@ -558,7 +552,10 @@ class TableFuncWrapper(object):
         complete iteration of the pipeline, 'step' caches data for
         a single step of the pipeline.
     copy_col : bool, optional
-        Whether to return copies when evaluating columns.
+        Whether to return copies when evaluating columns. When False,
+        returned columns share memory with the underlying DataFrame;
+        note that under pandas 3's copy-on-write behavior, modifying
+        such a column no longer writes through to the table.
 
     Attributes
     ----------
@@ -575,7 +572,7 @@ def __init__(
             copy_col=True):
         self.name = name
         self._func = func
-        self._argspec = getargspec(func)
+        self._argspec = getfullargspec(func)
         self.cache = cache
         self.cache_scope = cache_scope
         self.copy_col = copy_col
@@ -790,7 +787,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.table_name = table_name
         self.name = column_name
         self._func = func
-        self._argspec = getargspec(func)
+        self._argspec = getfullargspec(func)
         self.cache = cache
         self.cache_scope = cache_scope
 
@@ -912,7 +909,7 @@ class _InjectableFuncWrapper(object):
     def __init__(self, name, func, cache=False, cache_scope=_CS_FOREVER):
         self.name = name
         self._func = func
-        self._argspec = getargspec(func)
+        self._argspec = getfullargspec(func)
         self.cache = cache
         self.cache_scope = cache_scope
 
@@ -964,7 +961,7 @@ class _StepFuncWrapper(object):
     def __init__(self, step_name, func):
         self.name = step_name
         self._func = func
-        self._argspec = getargspec(func)
+        self._argspec = getfullargspec(func)
 
     def __call__(self):
         with log_start_finish('calling step {!r}'.format(self.name), logger):
@@ -1162,7 +1159,10 @@ def add_table(
         complete iteration of the pipeline, 'step' caches data for
         a single step of the pipeline.
     copy_col : bool, optional
-        Whether to return copies when evaluating columns.
+        Whether to return copies when evaluating columns. When False,
+        returned columns share memory with the underlying DataFrame;
+        note that under pandas 3's copy-on-write behavior, modifying
+        such a column no longer writes through to the table.
 
     Returns
     -------
diff --git a/orca/tests/test_orca.py b/orca/tests/test_orca.py
index 0ca40e6..cf120de 100644
--- a/orca/tests/test_orca.py
+++ b/orca/tests/test_orca.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import os
 import tempfile
 
+import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 import pandas.testing as pdt
 import pytest
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ def test_func(test_frame):
     table = orca._TABLES['test_func']
     assert table.index is None
     assert table.columns == []
-    assert len(table) is 0
+    assert len(table) == 0
     pdt.assert_frame_equal(table.to_frame(), df / 2)
     pdt.assert_frame_equal(table.to_frame([]), df[[]])
     pdt.assert_frame_equal(table.to_frame(columns=['a']), df[['a']] / 2)
@@ -195,14 +196,18 @@ def func(col=label):
 
         if 'uncopied' in name:
             pdt.assert_series_equal(table['a'], df['a'])
-            assert table['a'] is df['a']
+            assert np.shares_memory(
+                table['a'].to_numpy(), df['a'].to_numpy())
             pdt.assert_series_equal(table['a'], table2['a'])
-            assert table['a'] is table2['a']
+            assert np.shares_memory(
+                table['a'].to_numpy(), table2['a'].to_numpy())
         else:
             pdt.assert_series_equal(table['a'], df['a'])
-            assert table['a'] is not df['a']
+            assert not np.shares_memory(
+                table['a'].to_numpy(), df['a'].to_numpy())
             pdt.assert_series_equal(table['a'], table2['a'])
-            assert table['a'] is not table2['a']
+            assert not np.shares_memory(
+                table['a'].to_numpy(), table2['a'].to_numpy())
 
 
 def test_columns_for_table():
diff --git a/orca/utils/testing.py b/orca/utils/testing.py
index c8b80c8..b0d665b 100644
--- a/orca/utils/testing.py
+++ b/orca/utils/testing.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 Utilities used in testing of Orca.
 
 """
-import numpy as np
 import numpy.testing as npt
 import pandas as pd
 
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ def assert_frames_equal(actual, expected, use_close=False):
 
         act_row = actual.loc[i]
 
-        for j, exp_item in exp_row.iteritems():
+        for j, exp_item in exp_row.items():
             assert j in act_row.index, \
                 'Expected column {!r} not found.'.format(j)
 
diff --git a/orca/utils/tests/test_testing.py b/orca/utils/tests/test_testing.py
index 6e45f6c..b34263f 100644
--- a/orca/utils/tests/test_testing.py
+++ b/orca/utils/tests/test_testing.py
@@ -43,13 +43,10 @@ def test_frames_equal_mismatched_items():
     with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as info:
         testing.assert_frames_equal(actual, expected)
 
-    assert ("""
-Items are not equal:
- ACTUAL: 2
- DESIRED: 1
-
-Column: 'a'
-Row: 0""" in str(info.value))
+    message = str(info.value)
+    assert "Items are not equal" in message
+    assert "Column: 'a'" in message
+    assert "Row: 0" in message
 
 
 def test_frames_equal():
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c58ed37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools>=77"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
+[project]
+name = "orca"
+dynamic = ["version"]
+description = "Python library for task orchestration"
+readme = "README.rst"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
+license = "BSD-3-Clause"
+authors = [
+    {name = "UrbanSim Inc.", email = "info@urbansim.com"},
+]
+classifiers = [
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
+    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
+]
+dependencies = [
+    "numpy>=1.21",
+    "pandas>=1.5,<4",
+    "tables>=3.8",
+    "toolz>=0.12",
+]
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+test = [
+    "pytest>=8",
+    "pytest-cov>=5",
+]
+dev = [
+    "build>=1.2",
+    "ruff>=0.12",
+    "twine>=6",
+]
+
+[project.urls]
+Documentation = "https://udst.github.io/orca/"
+Repository = "https://github.com/UDST/orca"
+Issues = "https://github.com/UDST/orca/issues"
+
+[tool.setuptools]
+include-package-data = false
+
+[tool.setuptools.dynamic]
+version = {attr = "orca.__version__"}
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+include = ["orca", "orca.*"]
+exclude = ["orca.tests", "orca.tests.*", "orca.utils.tests", "orca.utils.tests.*"]
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+testpaths = ["orca/tests", "orca/utils/tests"]
+filterwarnings = [
+    "ignore:object name is not a valid Python identifier:tables.NaturalNameWarning",
+]
+
+[tool.coverage.run]
+source = ["orca"]
+
+[tool.coverage.report]
+show_missing = true
+omit = ["orca/tests/*", "orca/utils/tests/*"]
+
+[tool.ruff]
+line-length = 100
+target-version = "py310"
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+select = ["E4", "E5", "E7", "E9", "F"]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
+"**/__init__.py" = ["F401", "F403"]
diff --git a/requirements-min.txt b/requirements-min.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8971d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/requirements-min.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Pip constraints pinning the oldest supported versions of the core
+# dependencies (the floors declared in pyproject.toml). Used by the
+# minimum-dependencies CI job:
+#
+#   pip install ".[test]" -c requirements-min.txt
+#
+# numpy must be constrained alongside pandas 1.5: pandas 1.5 predates
+# NumPy 2 and declares no upper bound, so without this constraint the
+# resolver pairs it with NumPy 2.x and pandas fails to import.
+
+numpy == 1.21.*
+pandas == 1.5.*
+tables == 3.8.*
+toolz == 0.12.*
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
deleted file mode 100644
index efac0c3..0000000
--- a/setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-from setuptools import setup, find_packages
-
-# read README as the long description
-with open('README.rst', 'r') as f:
-    long_description = f.read()
-
-setup(
-    name='orca',
-    version='1.8',
-    description='Python library for task orchestration',
-    long_description=long_description,
-    author='UrbanSim Inc.',
-    author_email='info@urbansim.com',
-    license='BSD',
-    url='https://github.com/udst/orca',
-    classifiers=[
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License'
-    ],
-    packages=find_packages(exclude=['*.tests']),
-    install_requires=[
-        'pandas >= 0.15.0',
-        'tables >= 3.1',
-        'toolz >= 0.8.1'
-    ]
-)