Avoid casting unreachable child values in nested List casts

[kosiew]

Related PR

#23914

Problem

cast_list_column and cast_list_view_column preserve parent offsets/sizes and recursively cast the full backing child array. A sliced or limited List can therefore fail because an unreachable child value cannot be cast.

Example:

CREATE TABLE lt AS SELECT * FROM (VALUES
  (1, [struct('1')]), (2, [struct('2')]), (3, [struct('bad')])
) AS t(i, l);
SELECT arrow_cast(l, 'List(Struct("c0": Int32))') FROM lt LIMIT 2;
-- currently fails while casting the unreachable `bad` value

Invariant / desired behavior

Recursive nested casts must process only child values reachable from visible, non-null parent rows. Hidden backing children must not produce cast errors.

Proposed direction

Establish one consistent child-selection strategy for List, LargeList, and ListView casts, analogous to Map entry compaction. Preserve visible offsets, nulls, and schema while avoiding recursive casts of unreachable children.

Scope

In

• List, LargeList, and ListView recursive cast paths in datafusion/common/src/nested_struct.rs
• Slice and null-parent regression coverage

Out

• Map behavior (already compacts entries)
• FixedSizeList behavior, unless the shared solution naturally applies

Acceptance criteria

• A cast succeeds when invalid nested child data is reachable only through sliced-out or null parent rows.
• Visible invalid child data still returns a cast error.
• Output offsets, nulls, and data type are preserved.

Tests / verification

• Unit regressions for List, LargeList, and ListView sliced/null-parent inputs.
• Regression based on the SQL example above.