Add the date functions `QUARTER` / `DAY_OF_YEAR`

[Leomrlin]

What & why

The date folder udf/table/date/ has 23 functions (Year, Month, Day,
WeekOfYear, …) but is missing QUARTER (1–4) and DAY_OF_YEAR (1–366) —
both heavily used in time-based analytics.

日期函数目录已有 23 个,但缺 QUARTER(季度 1-4)和 DAY_OF_YEAR(一年中的第几天,
1-366),这两个在时间维度分析里很常用。

The task

• quarter(date) → 1–4
• day_of_year(date) → 1–366

Where to look

1. udf/table/date/WeekOfYear.java is the closest pattern ("turn a date into an
   integer"); add Quarter.java and DayOfYear.java alongside it.
2. Register in BuildInSqlFunctionTable.java.
3. Test leap years and year boundaries (e.g. 12/31, 1/1) plus null.

Done when

• Two functions implemented and registered
• Leap year and start/end-of-year boundaries correct
• Reuses the existing date-parsing approach (don't reinvent it)
• Tests pass

[Alperenu0]

Hi @Leomrlin,

I would love to work on this issue! I've reviewed the requirements and I am ready to implement the QUARTER and DAY_OF_YEAR functions.

I will use WeekOfYear.java as a template, register them in BuildInSqlFunctionTable.java, and write comprehensive tests covering leap years, boundaries (1/1 and 12/31), and null inputs.

Could you please assign this to me?