fix: convert global command variables to local instances

internal/cmd/backup.go

@@ -49,30 +49,30 @@ func withErrorHandling(f cobraRunEFunc) cobraRunEFunc {
 	}
 }
 
-var (
-	backupCmd = &cobra.Command{
+func registerBackupCmd(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
+	backupCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "backup <filename>",
 		Short: "Create, restore, and inspect permissions system backups",
 		Args:  commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.MaximumNArgs(1)),
 		// Create used to be on the root, so add it here for back-compat.
 		RunE: withErrorHandling(backupCreateCmdFunc),
 	}
 
-	backupCreateCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	backupCreateCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "create <filename>",
 		Short: "Backup a permission system to a file",
 		Args:  commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.MaximumNArgs(1)),
 		RunE:  withErrorHandling(backupCreateCmdFunc),
 	}
 
-	backupRestoreCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	backupRestoreCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "restore <filename>",
 		Short: "Restore a permission system from a file",
 		Args:  commands.ValidationWrapper(commands.StdinOrExactArgs(1)),
 		RunE:  backupRestoreCmdFunc,
 	}
 
-	backupParseSchemaCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	backupParseSchemaCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "parse-schema <filename>",
 		Short: "Extract the schema from a backup file",
 		Args:  commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(1)),
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ var (
 		},
 	}
 
-	backupParseRevisionCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	backupParseRevisionCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "parse-revision <filename>",
 		Short: "Extract the revision from a backup file",
 		Args:  commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(1)),
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ var (
 		},
 	}
 
-	backupParseRelsCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	backupParseRelsCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "parse-relationships <filename>",
 		Short: "Extract the relationships from a backup file",
 		Args:  commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(1)),
@@ -99,17 +99,15 @@ var (
 		},
 	}
 
-	backupRedactCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	backupRedactCmd := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "redact <filename>",
 		Short: "Redact a backup file to remove sensitive information",
 		Args:  commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(1)),
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			return backupRedactCmdFunc(cmd, args)
 		},
 	}
-)
 
-func registerBackupCmd(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(backupCmd)
 	registerBackupCreateFlags(backupCmd)
 

internal/cmd/cmd.go

@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@ zed permission check --explain document:firstdoc writer user:emilia
 	registerImportCmd(rootCmd)
 	registerValidateCmd(rootCmd)
 	registerBackupCmd(rootCmd)
-	registerPreviewCmd(rootCmd)
 	registerMCPCmd(rootCmd)
 
 	// Register shared commands.
@@ -128,7 +127,8 @@ zed permission check --explain document:firstdoc writer user:emilia
 	commands.RegisterWatchRelationshipCmd(relCmd)
 
 	schemaCmd := commands.RegisterSchemaCmd(rootCmd)
-	registerAdditionalSchemaCmds(schemaCmd)
+	schemaCompileCmd := registerAdditionalSchemaCmds(schemaCmd)
+	registerPreviewCmd(rootCmd, schemaCompileCmd)
 
 	return rootCmd
 }

internal/cmd/cmd_test.go

@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ func TestCommandOutput(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	zl := cobrazerolog.New(cobrazerolog.WithPreRunLevel(zerolog.DebugLevel))
-
-	rootCmd := InitialiseRootCmd(zl)
 	for _, tt := range cases {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			zl := cobrazerolog.New(cobrazerolog.WithPreRunLevel(zerolog.DebugLevel))
+			rootCmd := InitialiseRootCmd(zl)
+
 			var flagErrorCalled bool
 			testFlagError := func(cmd *cobra.Command, err error) error {
 				require.ErrorContains(t, err, tt.flagErrorContains)
@@ -86,6 +86,26 @@ func TestCommandOutput(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestMultipleInitialiseRootCmd is a regression test to ensure that calling
+// InitialiseRootCmd multiple times doesn't panic due to flag redefinition.
+// This fixes issue #556.
+func TestMultipleInitialiseRootCmd(t *testing.T) {
+	zl := cobrazerolog.New(cobrazerolog.WithPreRunLevel(zerolog.DebugLevel))
+
+	// Call InitialiseRootCmd multiple times to simulate what happens
+	// when tests run with -count=10
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		rootCmd := InitialiseRootCmd(zl)
+		require.NotNil(t, rootCmd)
+
+		// Execute the command with invalid args to trigger the command tree
+		// This ensures all commands and flags are properly initialized
+		os.Args = []string{"zed", "version", "--invalid-flag"}
+		err := rootCmd.ExecuteContext(t.Context())
+		require.Error(t, err) // We expect an error due to the invalid flag
+	}
+}
+
 func setupOutputForTest(t *testing.T, testFlagError func(cmd *cobra.Command, err error) error, args ...string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 

internal/cmd/context.go

@@ -16,56 +16,54 @@ import (
 )
 
 func registerContextCmd(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(contextCmd)
+	contextCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "context <subcommand>",
+		Short:   "Manage configurations for connecting to SpiceDB deployments",
+		Aliases: []string{"ctx"},
+	}
+
+	contextListCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:               "list",
+		Short:             "Lists all available contexts",
+		Aliases:           []string{"ls"},
+		Args:              commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(0)),
+		ValidArgsFunction: cobra.NoFileCompletions,
+		RunE:              contextListCmdFunc,
+	}
+
+	contextSetCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:               "set <name> <endpoint> <api-token>",
+		Short:             "Creates or overwrite a context",
+		Args:              commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(3)),
+		ValidArgsFunction: cobra.NoFileCompletions,
+		RunE:              contextSetCmdFunc,
+	}
 
+	contextRemoveCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:               "remove <system>",
+		Short:             "Removes a context",
+		Aliases:           []string{"rm"},
+		Args:              commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(1)),
+		ValidArgsFunction: ContextGet,
+		RunE:              contextRemoveCmdFunc,
+	}
+
+	contextUseCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:               "use <system>",
+		Short:             "Sets a context as the current context",
+		Args:              commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.MaximumNArgs(1)),
+		ValidArgsFunction: ContextGet,
+		RunE:              contextUseCmdFunc,
+	}
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(contextCmd)
 	contextCmd.AddCommand(contextListCmd)
 	contextListCmd.Flags().Bool("reveal-tokens", false, "display secrets in results")
-
 	contextCmd.AddCommand(contextSetCmd)
 	contextCmd.AddCommand(contextRemoveCmd)
 	contextCmd.AddCommand(contextUseCmd)
 }
 
-var contextCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:     "context <subcommand>",
-	Short:   "Manage configurations for connecting to SpiceDB deployments",
-	Aliases: []string{"ctx"},
-}
-
-var contextListCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:               "list",
-	Short:             "Lists all available contexts",
-	Aliases:           []string{"ls"},
-	Args:              commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(0)),
-	ValidArgsFunction: cobra.NoFileCompletions,
-	RunE:              contextListCmdFunc,
-}
-
-var contextSetCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:               "set <name> <endpoint> <api-token>",
-	Short:             "Creates or overwrite a context",
-	Args:              commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(3)),
-	ValidArgsFunction: cobra.NoFileCompletions,
-	RunE:              contextSetCmdFunc,
-}
-
-var contextRemoveCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:               "remove <system>",
-	Short:             "Removes a context",
-	Aliases:           []string{"rm"},
-	Args:              commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(1)),
-	ValidArgsFunction: ContextGet,
-	RunE:              contextRemoveCmdFunc,
-}
-
-var contextUseCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:               "use <system>",
-	Short:             "Sets a context as the current context",
-	Args:              commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.MaximumNArgs(1)),
-	ValidArgsFunction: ContextGet,
-	RunE:              contextUseCmdFunc,
-}
-
 func ContextGet(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 	_, secretStore := client.DefaultStorage()
 	secrets, err := secretStore.Get()

internal/cmd/import.go

@@ -22,18 +22,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 func registerImportCmd(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(importCmd)
-	importCmd.Flags().Int("batch-size", 1000, "import batch size")
-	importCmd.Flags().Int("workers", 1, "number of concurrent batching workers")
-	importCmd.Flags().Bool("schema", true, "import schema")
-	importCmd.Flags().Bool("relationships", true, "import relationships")
-	importCmd.Flags().String("schema-definition-prefix", "", "prefix to add to the schema's definition(s) before importing")
-}
-
-var importCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "import <url>",
-	Short: "Imports schema and relationships from a file or url",
-	Example: `
+	importCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "import <url>",
+		Short: "Imports schema and relationships from a file or url",
+		Example: `
 	From a gist:
 		zed import https://gist.github.com/ecordell/8e3b613a677e3c844742cf24421c08b6
 
@@ -61,8 +53,16 @@ var importCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	With schema definition prefix:
 		zed import --schema-definition-prefix=mypermsystem file:///Users/zed/Downloads/authzed-x7izWU8_2Gw3.yaml
 `,
-	Args: commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(1)),
-	RunE: importCmdFunc,
+		Args: commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(1)),
+		RunE: importCmdFunc,
+	}
+
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(importCmd)
+	importCmd.Flags().Int("batch-size", 1000, "import batch size")
+	importCmd.Flags().Int("workers", 1, "number of concurrent batching workers")
+	importCmd.Flags().Bool("schema", true, "import schema")
+	importCmd.Flags().Bool("relationships", true, "import relationships")
+	importCmd.Flags().String("schema-definition-prefix", "", "prefix to add to the schema's definition(s) before importing")
 }
 
 func importCmdFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {

internal/cmd/mcp.go

@@ -8,28 +8,27 @@ import (
 )
 
 func registerMCPCmd(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(mcpCmd)
-	mcpCmd.AddCommand(mcpRunCmd)
-
-	mcpRunCmd.Flags().IntP("port", "p", 9999, "port for the HTTP streaming server")
-}
+	mcpCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "mcp <subcommand>",
+		Short: "MCP (Model Context Protocol) server commands",
+		Long: `MCP (Model Context Protocol) server commands.
 
-var mcpCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "mcp <subcommand>",
-	Short: "MCP (Model Context Protocol) server commands",
-	Long: `MCP (Model Context Protocol) server commands.
-
 The MCP server provides tooling and resources for developing and debugging SpiceDB schema and relationships. The server runs an in-memory development instance of SpiceDB and does not connect to a running instance of SpiceDB.
 
 To use with Claude Code, run ` + "`zed mcp experimental-run`" + ` to start the SpiceDB Dev MCP server and then run ` + "`claude mcp add --transport http spicedb \"http://localhost:9999/mcp\"`" + ` to add the server to your Claude Code integrations.`,
-}
+	}
+
+	mcpRunCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:               "experimental-run",
+		Short:             "Run the Experimental MCP server",
+		Args:              commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(0)),
+		ValidArgsFunction: cobra.NoFileCompletions,
+		RunE:              mcpRunCmdFunc,
+	}
 
-var mcpRunCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:               "experimental-run",
-	Short:             "Run the Experimental MCP server",
-	Args:              commands.ValidationWrapper(cobra.ExactArgs(0)),
-	ValidArgsFunction: cobra.NoFileCompletions,
-	RunE:              mcpRunCmdFunc,
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(mcpCmd)
+	mcpCmd.AddCommand(mcpRunCmd)
+	mcpRunCmd.Flags().IntP("port", "p", 9999, "port for the HTTP streaming server")
 }
 
 func mcpRunCmdFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {

internal/cmd/preview.go

@@ -4,21 +4,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-func registerPreviewCmd(rootCmd *cobra.Command) {
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(previewCmd)
+func registerPreviewCmd(rootCmd *cobra.Command, schemaCompileCmd *cobra.Command) {
+	previewCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "preview <subcommand>",
+		Short: "Experimental commands that have been made available for preview",
+	}
 
-	previewCmd.AddCommand(schemaCmd)
+	schemaCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:        "schema <subcommand>",
+		Short:      "Manage schema for a permissions system",
+		Deprecated: "please use `zed schema compile`",
+	}
 
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(previewCmd)
+	previewCmd.AddCommand(schemaCmd)
 	schemaCmd.AddCommand(schemaCompileCmd)
 }
-
-var previewCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "preview <subcommand>",
-	Short: "Experimental commands that have been made available for preview",
-}
-
-var schemaCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:        "schema <subcommand>",
-	Short:      "Manage schema for a permissions system",
-	Deprecated: "please use `zed schema compile`",
-}