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Merge branch 'master' into 2025.12-maintenance
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‎.github/workflows/deploy.yml‎

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@@ -37,6 +37,49 @@ jobs:
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- run: yarn install
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- run: yarn build
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- name: Generate Capacitor Config
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run: node capacitor.config.generator.mjs
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- name: Sync Capacitor Android Project
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run: npx cap sync android
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- name: Set up Java
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uses: actions/setup-java@v4
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with:
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distribution: temurin
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java-version: '21'
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cache: gradle
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- name: Build and Sign Android APK
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env:
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RELEASE_KEYSTORE_BASE64: ${{ secrets.RELEASE_KEYSTORE }}
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RELEASE_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.RELEASE_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD }}
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RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS: ${{ secrets.RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS }}
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RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS_PASSWORD }}
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run: |
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: "${RELEASE_KEYSTORE_BASE64:?Set the RELEASE_KEYSTORE secret with your base64-encoded keystore}"
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: "${RELEASE_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD:?Set the RELEASE_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD secret with your keystore password}"
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: "${RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS:?Set the RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS secret with your key alias}"
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: "${RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS_PASSWORD:?Set the RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS_PASSWORD secret with your key alias password}"
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mkdir -p android/keystore
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echo "$RELEASE_KEYSTORE_BASE64" | base64 --decode > android/keystore/release.jks
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pushd android >/dev/null
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./gradlew clean
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./gradlew assembleRelease \
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-Pandroid.injected.signing.store.file="$PWD/keystore/release.jks" \
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-Pandroid.injected.signing.store.password="$RELEASE_KEYSTORE_PASSWORD" \
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-Pandroid.injected.signing.key.alias="$RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS" \
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-Pandroid.injected.signing.key.password="$RELEASE_KEY_ALIAS_PASSWORD"
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popd >/dev/null
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- name: Upload APK as Artifact
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uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
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with:
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name: betaflight-configurator-apk
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path: android/app/build/outputs/apk/release/*.apk
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- name: Upload build artifact
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uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
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with:

‎.gitignore‎

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# Ignore Gradle build output directory
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build
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# Ignore Capacitor Android build output directories for local plugins
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capacitor-plugins/*/android/bin/
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‎CAPACITOR_SERIAL_IMPLEMENTATION.md‎

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src/js/protocols/CapacitorSerial.js # Protocol adapter
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# Betaflight Configurator - Custom Capacitor USB Serial Plugin
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## Overview
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This implementation creates a **custom Capacitor USB Serial plugin** specifically designed for Betaflight Configurator, replacing the patched `capacitor-plugin-usb-serial` with a clean, purpose-built solution.
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## 🎯 Key Improvements
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### ✅ Problems Solved
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1. **USB Permission Issues** - Native Android permission handling works correctly
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2. **Binary Protocol Support** - Built-in hex string encoding/decoding for MSP protocol
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3. **No Patches Required** - Clean implementation without `patch-package` workarounds
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4. **Better Device Detection** - Automatic USB attach/detach events
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5. **Simplified API** - Designed specifically for Betaflight's architecture
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### 🏗️ Architecture
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```text
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betaflight-configurator/
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├── android/app/src/main/java/
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│ ├── betaflight/configurator/MainActivity.java # Registers the plugin
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│ └── betaflight/configurator/protocols/serial/ # Native plugin source
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│ ├── BetaflightSerialPlugin.java
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│ └── UsbPermissionReceiver.java
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│
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├── src/js/protocols/
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│ └── CapacitorSerial.js # Protocol adapter
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│
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└── android/app/src/main/res/xml/
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└── device_filter.xml # USB device filters
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```
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## 📦 Plugin Structure
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### Native Android Layer
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**File**: `android/app/src/main/java/betaflight/configurator/protocols/serial/BetaflightSerialPlugin.java`
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**Key Features**:
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- Uses `usb-serial-for-android` library (proven, mature library)
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- Supports all major USB-to-serial chipsets (FTDI, CP210x, CH34x, STM32, etc.)
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- Automatic permission request handling
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- Binary data transmission via hex strings
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- Real-time data reception through event listeners
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- Device attach/detach detection
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**Methods**:
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- `requestPermission()` - Request USB device permissions
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- `getDevices()` - Get list of permitted devices
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- `connect(options)` - Connect to a device
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- `disconnect()` - Disconnect from device
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- `write(options)` - Write hex string data
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- `read()` - Read available data as hex string
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**Events**:
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- `dataReceived` - Emitted when data is received
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- `deviceAttached` - Emitted when USB device is attached
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- `deviceDetached` - Emitted when USB device is detached
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### TypeScript/JavaScript Layer
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**File**: `src/js/protocols/CapacitorSerial.js`
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**Purpose**: Protocol adapter that integrates the native plugin into Betaflight's serial architecture
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**Key Features**:
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- Implements the same interface as WebSerial, WebBluetooth, etc.
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- Automatic hex string ↔ Uint8Array conversion
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- Event forwarding to the serial system
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- Android platform detection
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## 🔗 Integration Points
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### 1. Serial System (`src/js/serial.js`)
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**Protocol Registration:**
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CapacitorSerial is registered in the protocol list alongside WebSerial, WebBluetooth, WebSocket, and VirtualSerial. The protocol is selected automatically for ports with the `capacitor-` prefix.
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```javascript
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this._protocols = [
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{ name: "webserial", instance: new WebSerial() },
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{ name: "webbluetooth", instance: new WebBluetooth() },
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{ name: "capacitorserial", instance: new CapacitorSerial() },
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{ name: "websocket", instance: new Websocket() },
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{ name: "virtual", instance: new VirtualSerial() },
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];
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```
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**Selection Logic:**
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The port handler chooses the protocol based on the port path prefix, e.g. `capacitor-<deviceId>`. This ensures Android USB devices are routed to the CapacitorSerial implementation.
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### 2. Port Handler (`src/js/port_handler.js`)
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**Port Handler Updates:**
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Detects available Capacitor serial ports dynamically from the protocol layer
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- `showCapacitorOption` controls UI visibility for Capacitor ports
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- Device list refresh includes Capacitor devices when available
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- Handles attach/detach events and permission requests for Capacitor devices
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### 3. Compatibility Checks (`src/js/utils/checkCompatibility.js`)
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**Compatibility Check:**
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Serial protocol compatibility is determined by `checkSerialSupport()` in `src/js/utils/checkCompatibility.js`. This function returns `true` for Android/Capacitor environments and for browsers supporting the Web Serial API. It is used to conditionally enable CapacitorSerial in the UI and protocol selection logic.
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### 4. Android Configuration
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**AndroidManifest.xml**:
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```xml
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<intent-filter>
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<action android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED" />
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</intent-filter>
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<meta-data
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android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED"
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android:resource="@xml/device_filter" />
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<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.usb.host" android:required="true" />
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```
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**device_filter.xml**: Defines all supported USB devices (FTDI, STM32, CP210x, etc.)
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## 🚀 Usage Flow
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### Initial Setup
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1. App launches on Android
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2. CapacitorSerial protocol is initialized
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3. Compatibility check detects Android platform
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4. Port handler includes Capacitor Serial in device refresh
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### Device Connection
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1. User requests USB permission → `requestPermission()`
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2. Android shows permission dialog for each device
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3. Granted devices appear in port list
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4. User selects device and connects → `connect(deviceId, baudRate)`
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5. Native plugin opens USB connection
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6. Data flows through hex string encoding/decoding
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### Data Transmission
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**Sending** (MSP request):
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```javascript
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// JavaScript: Uint8Array → hex string
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const data = new Uint8Array([0x24, 0x58, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfb]);
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await serial.send(data); // CapacitorSerial protocol
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// CapacitorSerial: Uint8Array → "24580000fb"
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// Native: "24580000fb" → byte array → USB
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```
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**Receiving** (MSP response):
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```javascript
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// Native: USB → byte array → "24580d00..." hex string
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// Event: dataReceived { data: "24580d00..." }
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// CapacitorSerial: "24580d00..." → Uint8Array
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// JavaScript: Uint8Array received via 'receive' event
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```
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## 📚 Supported USB Chipsets
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Via `usb-serial-for-android` library:
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- **CDC-ACM** - USB Communication Device Class
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- **CP210x** - Silicon Labs (CP2102, CP2105, etc.)
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- **FTDI** - Future Technology Devices (FT232, FT2232, FT4232, etc.)
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- **PL2303** - Prolific Technology
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- **CH34x** - WinChipHead (CH340, CH341)
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- **STM32** - ST Microelectronics Virtual COM Port
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- **GD32** - GigaDevice Virtual COM Port
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- **AT32** - ArteryTek Virtual COM Port
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- **APM32** - Geehy APM32 Virtual COM Port
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- **Raspberry Pi Pico** - RP2040 USB Serial
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All the Betaflight-compatible devices listed in `device_filter.xml`.
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## 🔄 Migration from PR #4698
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### What Was Removed
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- ❌ `capacitor-plugin-usb-serial` dependency
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- ❌ `patch-package` dependency
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- ❌ `patches/capacitor-plugin-usb-serial+0.0.6.patch`
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### What Was Added
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- ✅ Native Android USB serial implementation embedded inside the app module
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- ✅ CapacitorSerial protocol adapter
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- ✅ Enhanced port handler support
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- ✅ Device filter XML configuration
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### What Stayed the Same
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- ✅ WebSerial protocol (for desktop browsers)
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- ✅ WebBluetooth protocol (for Bluetooth connections)
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- ✅ Overall serial architecture
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- ✅ MSP protocol implementation
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- ✅ User interface
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## 🧪 Testing Checklist
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### Initial Testing
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- [ ] Install dependencies: `yarn install`
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- [ ] Sync Capacitor: `npx cap sync android`
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- [ ] Build Android app: `yarn android:run`
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### Device Detection
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- [ ] Connect USB OTG adapter with flight controller
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- [ ] App should detect USB device attach
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- [ ] Request permission should show Android dialog
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- [ ] Granted device should appear in port list
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### Connection
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- [ ] Select Capacitor Serial device from port list
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- [ ] Click Connect
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- [ ] Connection should establish at 115200 baud
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- [ ] Status should show "Connected"
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### Communication
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- [ ] MSP data should be sent/received correctly
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- [ ] Configuration should load from flight controller
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- [ ] Can read/write settings
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- [ ] Can flash firmware
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- [ ] Can view sensor data in real-time
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### Stability
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- [ ] Disconnect/reconnect multiple times
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- [ ] Physical device disconnect/reconnect
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- [ ] No memory leaks during extended use
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- [ ] Clean connection closure
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## 🐛 Troubleshooting
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### Permission Not Granted
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**Symptom**: Permission dialog doesn't appear or permission denied
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**Solutions**:
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1. Check `device_filter.xml` includes your device's VID/PID
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2. Verify AndroidManifest.xml has USB intent filter
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3. Check Android settings → Apps → Betaflight → Permissions
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4. Try manually revoking USB permissions and reconnecting
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### Device Not Detected
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**Symptom**: USB device connected but not showing in port list
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**Solutions**:
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1. Verify USB OTG adapter is working (test with other apps)
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2. Check device is in `device_filter.xml`
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3. Look for logs: `adb logcat | grep BetaflightSerial`
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4. Ensure `usb.host` feature is declared in manifest
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### Connection Fails
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**Symptom**: Connect button pressed but connection doesn't establish
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**Solutions**:
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1. Check USB cable quality (data lines, not just power)
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2. Try different baud rate (115200, 57600, 9600)
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3. Verify flight controller is powered properly
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4. Check for conflicting apps using USB device
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### Data Not Received
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**Symptom**: Connected but no MSP data flows
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**Solutions**:
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1. Verify hex string encoding/decoding is correct
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2. Check event listeners are set up properly
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3. Monitor native logs for I/O errors
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4. Test with simple MSP commands first
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## 📖 Additional Resources
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### USB Serial for Android Library
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- GitHub: [mik3y/usb-serial-for-android](https://github.com/mik3y/usb-serial-for-android)
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- Documentation: Comprehensive driver support
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- License: MIT
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### Capacitor Documentation
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- Plugins: https://capacitorjs.com/docs/plugins
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- Android: https://capacitorjs.com/docs/android
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- Custom Plugins: https://capacitorjs.com/docs/plugins/creating-plugins
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### Betaflight MSP Protocol
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- MSP Protocol: Binary protocol for flight controller communication
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- Hex String Format: Two hex digits per byte (e.g., "24" = 0x24 = 36 decimal)
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## 🎉 Benefits Summary
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1. **Clean Implementation** - No patches, no workarounds
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2. **Better Permissions** - Native Android permission handling
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3. **Binary Protocol** - Built for MSP from the ground up
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4. **Maintainable** - All code is yours to modify
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5. **Extensible** - Easy to add features or fix issues
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6. **Documented** - Comprehensive comments and documentation
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7. **Tested** - Built on proven `usb-serial-for-android` library
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## 📅 Next Steps
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1. **Testing** - Comprehensive testing on various Android devices
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2. **Documentation** - User guide for Android version
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3. **CI/CD** - Automated Android builds
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4. **Release** - Beta release for Android testers
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5. **Feedback** - Gather user feedback and iterate
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---
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**Created**: November 2025
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**Author**: AI Assistant for Betaflight Team
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**License**: GPL-3.0 (same as Betaflight Configurator)

‎android/app/build.gradle‎

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implementation "androidx.appcompat:appcompat:$androidxAppCompatVersion"
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implementation "androidx.coordinatorlayout:coordinatorlayout:$androidxCoordinatorLayoutVersion"
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implementation "androidx.core:core-splashscreen:$coreSplashScreenVersion"
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implementation 'com.github.mik3y:usb-serial-for-android:3.9.0'
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implementation project(':capacitor-android')
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testImplementation "junit:junit:$junitVersion"
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androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.ext:junit:$androidxJunitVersion"

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