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CIP-0161/README.md

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@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Ouroboros Phalanx therefore represents a **complementary advancement**: reinforc
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- [Abstract](#abstract)
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- [Motivation: why is this CIP necessary?](#motivation-why-is-this-cip-necessary)
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- [Specification / The Phalanx Sub-Protocol](#specification--the-phalanx-sub-protocol)
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- [Specification](#specification)
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- [1. High-Level Overview ](#1-high-level-overview)
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- [1.1 Changes Relative to Praos](#11-changes-relative-to-praos)
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- [1.2 Inputs & Outputs ](#12-inputs--outputs)
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Peras is fully compatible with Praos:
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- When enough committee members participate, it achieves **rapid settlement**.
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- When they do not (e.g., if too many operators are offline), Peras **gracefully falls back to Praos**.
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- When they do not (e.g., if too many operators are offline), Peras **gracefully falls back to Praos**. Peras would only fall back to Praos if there were massive network disruption or an attack by a 25% adversary.
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In these fallback situations, the network still relies on Praos’ guarantees—precisely where Phalanx becomes relevant as a **complementary defense layer**. Phalanx ensures that even when Peras cannot certify blocks, the protocol still benefits from:
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- **Stronger protection against grinding attacks**, and
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Please refer to the CPD "[Ouroboros Randomness Generation Sub-Protocol – The Coin-Flipping Problem](https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/tree/master/CPS-0021/CPD/README.md)" for a detailed understanding of **randomness generation, leader election in Praos, and the coin-flipping dilemma in consensus protocols**. Moving forward, we will **dive into the core details**, assuming you have the **relevant background** to understand the proposal.
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## Specification / The Phalanx Sub-Protocol
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## Specification
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The core principle of the proposed protocol change is to **substantially escalate the computational cost of each grinding attempt for an adversary**. To achieve this, every honest participant is required to perform a designated computation for each block they produce over an epoch (**432,000 slots - 5 days**). Consequently, an adversary attempting a grinding attack must **recompute these operations for every single attempt**, while being **constrained by the grinding window**, which dramatically increases the resource expenditure. By enforcing this computational burden, we **drastically reduce the feasible number of grinding attempts** an adversary with a fixed resource budget can execute, making randomness manipulation **more expensive and significantly less practical**.
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CPS-0017/README.md

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- Hans Lahe <[email protected]>
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Proposed Solutions:
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["CIP-0140 : Ouroboros Peras - Faster Settlement"
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,"CIP-???? : Ouroboros Φalanx: Breaking the Economics of Grinding Attacks"
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,"CIP-0161 : Ouroboros Phalanx - Breaking Grinding Incentives"
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]
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Implementors: N/A
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Discussions:

CPS-0021/README.md

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- Nicolas Henin <[email protected]>
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- Raphael Toledo <[email protected]>
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Proposed Solutions:
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["CIP-???? : Ouroboros Φalanx: Breaking the Economics of Grinding Attacks"]
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["CIP-0161 : Ouroboros Phalanx - Breaking Grinding Incentives"]
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Discussions:
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- https://github.com/cardano-foundation/CIPs/pull/1009
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Created: 2025-10-03

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