diff --git a/jax/_src/core.py b/jax/_src/core.py
index 88c3c402250d..c9ed93d63fda 100644
--- a/jax/_src/core.py
+++ b/jax/_src/core.py
@@ -3712,6 +3712,14 @@ def pp_vars(vs: Sequence[Atom], context: JaxprPpContext,
               [pp.text(pp_var(v, context)) for v in vs])
     ))
 
+def _pp_set(v: set | frozenset) -> pp.Doc:
+  # sorted for deterministic output in jaxpr
+  if not v:
+    return pp.text(str(v))
+  sorted_reprs = [repr(x) for x in sorted(v, key=str)]
+  type_name = type(v).__name__
+  return pp.text(f"{type_name}({{{', '.join(sorted_reprs)}}})")
+
 def pp_kv_pair(k:str, v: Any, context: JaxprPpContext, settings: JaxprPpSettings) -> pp.Doc:
   if type(v) is tuple and all(isinstance(j, (Jaxpr, ClosedJaxpr)) for j in v):
     pp_v = pp_jaxprs(v, context, settings)
@@ -3719,6 +3727,8 @@ def pp_kv_pair(k:str, v: Any, context: JaxprPpContext, settings: JaxprPpSettings
     pp_v = pp_jaxpr(v, context, settings)
   elif isinstance(v, ClosedJaxpr):
     pp_v = pp_jaxpr(v.jaxpr, context, settings)
+  elif isinstance(v, (set, frozenset)):
+    pp_v = _pp_set(v)
   else:
     pp_v = pp.text(str(v))
   return pp.text(f'{k}=') + pp_v