[MLIR][Presburger] optimize bound computation by pruning orthogonal constraints (llvm#164199)

IntegerRelation uses Fourier-Motzkin elimination and Gaussian
elimination to simplify constraints. These methods may repeatedly
perform calculations and elimination on irrelevant variables.
Preemptively eliminating irrelevant variables and their associated
constraints can speed up up the calculation process.

Author: cxy-1993

mlir/include/mlir/Analysis/Presburger/IntegerRelation.h

@@ -210,12 +210,12 @@ class IntegerRelation {
     return getNumInequalities() + getNumEqualities();
   }
 
-  // Unified indexing into the constraints. Index into the inequalities
-  // if i < getNumInequalities() and into the equalities otherwise.
-  inline DynamicAPInt atConstraint(unsigned i, unsigned j) const {
+  /// Unified indexing into the constraints. Index into the inequalities
+  /// if i < getNumInequalities() and into the equalities otherwise.
+  inline int64_t atConstraint64(unsigned i, unsigned j) const {
     assert(i < getNumConstraints());
     unsigned numIneqs = getNumInequalities();
-    return i < numIneqs ? atIneq(i, j) : atEq(i - numIneqs, j);
+    return i < numIneqs ? atIneq64(i, j) : atEq64(i - numIneqs, j);
   }
   inline DynamicAPInt &atConstraint(unsigned i, unsigned j) {
     assert(i < getNumConstraints());
@@ -365,6 +365,7 @@ class IntegerRelation {
 
   void removeEquality(unsigned pos);
   void removeInequality(unsigned pos);
+  void removeConstraint(unsigned pos);
 
   /// Remove the (in)equalities at positions [start, end).
   void removeEqualityRange(unsigned start, unsigned end);
@@ -525,6 +526,34 @@ class IntegerRelation {
   void projectOut(unsigned pos, unsigned num);
   inline void projectOut(unsigned pos) { return projectOut(pos, 1); }
 
+  /// The function removes some constraints that do not impose any bound on the
+  /// specified variable.
+  ///
+  /// The set of constraints (equations/inequalities) can be modeled as an
+  /// undirected graph where:
+  /// 1. Variables are the nodes.
+  /// 2. Constraints are the edges connecting those nodes.
+  ///
+  /// Variables and constraints belonging to different connected components
+  /// are irrelevant to each other. This property allows for safe pruning of
+  /// constraints.
+  ///
+  /// For example, given the following constraints:
+  /// - Inequalities: (1) d0 + d1 > 0, (2) d1 >= 2, (3) d4 > 5
+  /// - Equalities:   (4) d3 + d4 = 1, (5) d0 - d2 = 3
+  ///
+  /// These form two connected components:
+  /// - Component 1: {d0, d1, d2} (related by constraints 1, 2, 5)
+  /// - Component 2: {d3, d4} (related by constraint 4)
+  ///
+  /// If we are querying the bound of variable `d0`, constraints related to
+  /// Component 2 (e.g., constraints 3 and 4) can be safely pruned as they
+  /// have no impact on the solution space of Component 1.
+  /// This function prunes irrelevant constraints by identifying all variables
+  /// and constraints that belong to the same connected component as the
+  /// target variable.
+  void pruneOrthogonalConstraints(unsigned pos);
+
   /// Tries to fold the specified variable to a constant using a trivial
   /// equality detection; if successful, the constant is substituted for the
   /// variable everywhere in the constraint system and then removed from the

mlir/lib/Analysis/Presburger/IntegerRelation.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "mlir/Analysis/Presburger/Simplex.h"
 #include "mlir/Analysis/Presburger/Utils.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/DenseSet.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/Sequence.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallBitVector.h"
@@ -442,6 +443,14 @@ void IntegerRelation::removeInequality(unsigned pos) {
   inequalities.removeRow(pos);
 }
 
+void IntegerRelation::removeConstraint(unsigned pos) {
+  if (pos >= getNumInequalities()) {
+    removeEquality(pos - getNumInequalities());
+  } else {
+    removeInequality(pos);
+  }
+}
+
 void IntegerRelation::removeEqualityRange(unsigned start, unsigned end) {
   if (start >= end)
     return;
@@ -1742,12 +1751,64 @@ std::optional<DynamicAPInt> IntegerRelation::getConstantBoundOnDimSize(
   return minDiff;
 }
 
+void IntegerRelation::pruneOrthogonalConstraints(unsigned pos) {
+  llvm::DenseSet<unsigned> relatedCols({pos}), relatedRows;
+
+  // Early exit if constraints is empty.
+  unsigned numConstraints = getNumConstraints();
+  if (numConstraints == 0)
+    return;
+
+  llvm::SmallVector<unsigned> rowStack, colStack({pos});
+  // The following code performs a graph traversal, starting from the target
+  // variable, to identify all variables(recorded in relatedCols) and
+  // constraints (recorded in relatedRows) belonging to the same connected
+  // component.
+  while (!rowStack.empty() || !colStack.empty()) {
+    if (!rowStack.empty()) {
+      unsigned currentRow = rowStack.pop_back_val();
+      // Push all variable that accociated to this constraints to relatedCols
+      // and colStack.
+      for (unsigned colIndex = 0; colIndex < getNumVars(); ++colIndex) {
+        if (atConstraint(currentRow, colIndex) != 0 &&
+            relatedCols.insert(colIndex).second) {
+          colStack.push_back(colIndex);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      unsigned currentCol = colStack.pop_back_val();
+      // Push all constraints that are associated with this variable to related
+      // rows and the row stack.
+      for (unsigned rowIndex = 0; rowIndex < numConstraints; ++rowIndex) {
+        if (atConstraint(rowIndex, currentCol) != 0 &&
+            relatedRows.insert(rowIndex).second) {
+          rowStack.push_back(rowIndex);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Prune all constraints not related to target variable.
+  for (int constraintId = numConstraints - 1; constraintId >= 0;
+       --constraintId) {
+    if (!relatedRows.contains(constraintId))
+      removeConstraint((unsigned)constraintId);
+  }
+}
+
 template <bool isLower>
 std::optional<DynamicAPInt>
 IntegerRelation::computeConstantLowerOrUpperBound(unsigned pos) {
   assert(pos < getNumVars() && "invalid position");
   // Project to 'pos'.
+  // Prune orthogonal constraints to reduce unnecessary computations and
+  // accelerate the bound computation.
+  pruneOrthogonalConstraints(pos);
   projectOut(0, pos);
+
+  // After projecting out values, more orthogonal constraints may be exposed.
+  // Prune these orthogonal constraints again.
+  pruneOrthogonalConstraints(0);
   projectOut(1, getNumVars() - 1);
   // Check if there's an equality equating the '0'^th variable to a constant.
   int eqRowIdx = findEqualityToConstant(/*pos=*/0, /*symbolic=*/false);