diff --git a/LeanEval/GroupTheory/HigmanInfiniteSimple.lean b/LeanEval/GroupTheory/HigmanInfiniteSimple.lean new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75df9f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/LeanEval/GroupTheory/HigmanInfiniteSimple.lean @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +import Mathlib +import EvalTools.Markers + +namespace LeanEval +namespace GroupTheory +namespace HigmanInfiniteSimpleProblem + +/-! +# Higman's infinite finitely-presented simple group + +There exists an infinite, finitely presented, simple group. The first +such examples come from Graham Higman's 1974 monograph *Finitely +Presented Infinite Simple Groups* — the Higman–Thompson groups +`G_{n, r}`. (Higman's 1951 paper had earlier exhibited a finitely +*generated* infinite simple group — a simple quotient of the +four-generator group with no nontrivial finite quotients — but did +not give a finite presentation for the simple quotient.) §122 in +Knill's *Some Fundamental Theorems in Mathematics*. + +Concretely: some `n` and a finite relator set +`rels ⊆ FreeGroup (Fin n)` for which `PresentedGroup rels` is both +simple and infinite. Pure existence of a pathological finite +presentation. Mathlib v4.30 has `FreeGroup`, `PresentedGroup`, +`IsSimpleGroup`, `Infinite`, HNN extensions, and Britton's lemma, but +no Higman–Thompson construction and no infinite finitely-presented +simple group on hand. +-/ + +/-- **Higman's infinite simple group** (G. Higman 1951/1974). There +exists an infinite finitely presented simple group. -/ +@[eval_problem] +theorem higman_infinite_simple : + ∃ (n : ℕ) (rels : Set (FreeGroup (Fin n))), + rels.Finite ∧ IsSimpleGroup (PresentedGroup rels) ∧ + Infinite (PresentedGroup rels) := by + sorry + +end HigmanInfiniteSimpleProblem +end GroupTheory +end LeanEval diff --git a/manifests/problems/higman_infinite_simple.toml b/manifests/problems/higman_infinite_simple.toml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd5e25c --- /dev/null +++ b/manifests/problems/higman_infinite_simple.toml @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +id = "higman_infinite_simple" +title = "Higman's infinite finitely-presented simple group" +test = false +module = "LeanEval.GroupTheory.HigmanInfiniteSimple" +holes = ["higman_infinite_simple"] +submitter = "Kim Morrison" +notes = "There exists an infinite, finitely presented, simple group: some n and a finite relator set rels ⊆ FreeGroup (Fin n) for which PresentedGroup rels is both simple and infinite. Pure existence of a pathological finite presentation. The first such examples come from Higman's 1974 monograph (the Higman–Thompson groups G_{n,r}); Higman's 1951 paper only constructs a finitely *generated* infinite simple group (a simple quotient of the four-generator group with no nontrivial finite quotients), not a finitely presented one. Mathlib v4.30 has FreeGroup, PresentedGroup, IsSimpleGroup, Infinite, HNN extensions (`Mathlib/GroupTheory/HNNExtension.lean`), and Britton's lemma, but no Higman–Thompson construction, no Higman embedding theorem, and no construction of an infinite finitely-presented simple group. §122 of Knill's *Some Fundamental Theorems in Mathematics*." +source = "G. Higman, 'A finitely generated infinite simple group', J. London Math. Soc. 26 (1951) 61–64; G. Higman, *Finitely Presented Infinite Simple Groups*, Notes on Pure Mathematics 8, Australian National University, 1974. §122 in O. Knill, *Some Fundamental Theorems in Mathematics* (https://people.math.harvard.edu/~knill/graphgeometry/papers/fundamental.pdf)." +informal_solution = "Higman's 1974 monograph constructs the Higman–Thompson groups G_{n,r} (for integers n ≥ 2, r ≥ 1) as groups of piecewise-linear bijections of certain Cantor-like spaces / r-tuples of n-ary trees. Each G_{n,r} is finitely presented (explicit finite generators and relations are written down) and infinite by construction; the commutator subgroups G_{n,r}' (or G_{n,r} itself for suitable n, r) are simple, by an analysis of the action on the underlying space. Higman's 1951 paper had earlier exhibited a finitely *generated* infinite simple group — a simple quotient of the four-generator group `⟨a, b, c, d | bab⁻¹ = a², cbc⁻¹ = b², dcd⁻¹ = c², ada⁻¹ = d²⟩` with no nontrivial finite quotients — but did not give a finite presentation of the simple quotient. Mathlib v4.30 has the substrate (`FreeGroup`, `PresentedGroup`, `IsSimpleGroup`, `Infinite`, `Subgroup.IsNormalClosureFG`), HNN extensions and Britton's lemma (`Mathlib/GroupTheory/HNNExtension.lean`), but no Higman–Thompson groups, no Higman embedding theorem, and no construction of an infinite finitely-presented simple group."