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beautifulentropy merged 2 commits into from
Dec 2, 2025
Merged

ratelimits: Refactor Reset() to accept a batch of Transactions #8503

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f4ec6cd
ratelimits: Refactor Reset() to accept Transactions
beautifulentropy Nov 21, 2025
718259a
Addressing comments
beautifulentropy Nov 24, 2025
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9 changes: 7 additions & 2 deletions ra/ra.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -1438,8 +1438,13 @@ func (ra *RegistrationAuthorityImpl) countFailedValidations(ctx context.Context,
// resetAccountPausingLimit resets bucket to maximum capacity for given account.
// There is no reason to surface errors from this function to the Subscriber.
func (ra *RegistrationAuthorityImpl) resetAccountPausingLimit(ctx context.Context, regId int64, ident identifier.ACMEIdentifier) {
bucketKey := ratelimits.NewRegIdIdentValueBucketKey(ratelimits.FailedAuthorizationsForPausingPerDomainPerAccount, regId, ident.Value)
err := ra.limiter.Reset(ctx, bucketKey)
txns, err := ra.txnBuilder.NewPausingResetTransactions(regId, ident)
if err != nil {
ra.log.Warningf("building reset transaction for regID=[%d] identifier=[%s]: %s", regId, ident.Value, err)
return
}

err = ra.limiter.BatchReset(ctx, txns)
if err != nil {
ra.log.Warningf("resetting bucket for regID=[%d] identifier=[%s]: %s", regId, ident.Value, err)
}
Expand Down
16 changes: 10 additions & 6 deletions ra/ra_test.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -715,7 +715,8 @@ func TestPerformValidation_FailedValidationsTriggerPauseIdentifiersRatelimit(t *
domain := randomDomain()
ident := identifier.NewDNS(domain)
authzPB := createPendingAuthorization(t, sa, registration.Id, ident, fc.Now().Add(12*time.Hour))
bucketKey := ratelimits.NewRegIdIdentValueBucketKey(ratelimits.FailedAuthorizationsForPausingPerDomainPerAccount, authzPB.RegistrationID, ident.Value)
bucketKey, err := ratelimits.BuildBucketKey(ratelimits.FailedAuthorizationsForPausingPerDomainPerAccount, authzPB.RegistrationID, ident, nil, netip.Addr{})
test.AssertNotError(t, err, "building bucket key")

// Set the stored TAT to indicate that this bucket has exhausted its quota.
err = rl.BatchSet(context.Background(), map[string]time.Time{
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -758,15 +759,17 @@ func TestPerformValidation_FailedValidationsTriggerPauseIdentifiersRatelimit(t *

// mockRLSourceWithSyncDelete is a mock ratelimits.Source that forwards all
// method calls to an inner Source, but also performs a blocking write to a
// channel when Delete is called to allow the tests to synchronize.
// channel when BatchDelete is called to allow the tests to synchronize.
type mockRLSourceWithSyncDelete struct {
ratelimits.Source
out chan<- string
}

func (rl mockRLSourceWithSyncDelete) Delete(ctx context.Context, bucketKey string) error {
err := rl.Source.Delete(ctx, bucketKey)
rl.out <- bucketKey
func (rl mockRLSourceWithSyncDelete) BatchDelete(ctx context.Context, bucketKeys []string) error {
err := rl.Source.BatchDelete(ctx, bucketKeys)
for _, bucketKey := range bucketKeys {
rl.out <- bucketKey
}
return err
}

Expand All @@ -791,7 +794,8 @@ func TestPerformValidation_FailedThenSuccessfulValidationResetsPauseIdentifiersR
domain := randomDomain()
ident := identifier.NewDNS(domain)
authzPB := createPendingAuthorization(t, sa, registration.Id, ident, fc.Now().Add(12*time.Hour))
bucketKey := ratelimits.NewRegIdIdentValueBucketKey(ratelimits.FailedAuthorizationsForPausingPerDomainPerAccount, authzPB.RegistrationID, ident.Value)
bucketKey, err := ratelimits.BuildBucketKey(ratelimits.FailedAuthorizationsForPausingPerDomainPerAccount, authzPB.RegistrationID, ident, nil, netip.Addr{})
test.AssertNotError(t, err, "building bucket key")

// Set a stored TAT so that we can tell when it's been reset.
err = rl.BatchSet(context.Background(), map[string]time.Time{
Expand Down
60 changes: 30 additions & 30 deletions ratelimits/gcra_test.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -16,16 +16,16 @@ func TestDecide(t *testing.T) {
limit.precompute()

// Begin by using 1 of our 10 requests.
d := maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, clk.Now())
d := maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, clk.Now())
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(9))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Second)
// Transaction is set when we're allowed.
test.AssertEquals(t, d.transaction, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true})
test.AssertEquals(t, d.transaction, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false})

// Immediately use another 9 of our remaining requests.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 9, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 9, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(0))
// We should have to wait 1 second before we can use another request but we
Expand All @@ -37,21 +37,21 @@ func TestDecide(t *testing.T) {
test.AssertEquals(t, d.newTAT, clk.Now().Add(time.Second*10))

// Let's try using just 1 more request without waiting.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, !d.allowed, "should not be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Second)
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Second*10)
// Transaction is set when we're denied.
test.AssertEquals(t, d.transaction, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true})
test.AssertEquals(t, d.transaction, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false})

// Let's try being exactly as patient as we're told to be.
clk.Add(d.retryIn)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(1))

// We are 1 second in the future, we should have 1 new request.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Second)
Expand All @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func TestDecide(t *testing.T) {
clk.Add(d.resetIn)

// We should have 10 new requests. If we use 1 we should have 9 remaining.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(9))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
Expand All @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func TestDecide(t *testing.T) {

// We should still have 9 remaining because we're still 1ms shy of the
// refill time.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(9))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
Expand All @@ -83,15 +83,15 @@ func TestDecide(t *testing.T) {
clk.Add(20 * time.Hour)

// C'mon, big money, no whammies, no whammies, STOP!
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(10))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Duration(0))

// Turns out that the most we can accrue is 10 (limit.Burst). Let's empty
// this bucket out so we can try something else.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 10, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 10, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(0))
// We should have to wait 1 second before we can use another request but we
Expand All @@ -101,14 +101,14 @@ func TestDecide(t *testing.T) {
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Second*10)

// If you spend 0 while you have 0 you should get 0.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Second*10)

// We don't play by the rules, we spend 1 when we have 0.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, !d.allowed, "should not be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Second)
Expand All @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ func TestDecide(t *testing.T) {
clk.Add(d.retryIn)

// Our patience pays off, we should have 1 new request. Let's use it.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Second)
Expand All @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func TestDecide(t *testing.T) {
// Attempt to spend 7 when we only have 5. We should be denied but the
// decision should reflect a retry of 2 seconds, the time it would take to
// refill from 5 to 7.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 7, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 7, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, !d.allowed, "should not be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(5))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Second*2)
Expand All @@ -143,28 +143,28 @@ func TestMaybeRefund(t *testing.T) {
limit.precompute()

// Begin by using 1 of our 10 requests.
d := maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, clk.Now())
d := maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, clk.Now())
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(9))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Second)
// Transaction is set when we're refunding.
test.AssertEquals(t, d.transaction, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true})
test.AssertEquals(t, d.transaction, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false})

// Refund back to 10.
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(10))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Duration(0))

// Refund 0, we should still have 10.
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(10))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Duration(0))

// Spend 1 more of our 10 requests.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(9))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
Expand All @@ -174,16 +174,16 @@ func TestMaybeRefund(t *testing.T) {
clk.Add(d.resetIn)

// Attempt to refund from 10 to 11.
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, !d.allowed, "should not be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(10))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Duration(0))
// Transaction is set when our bucket is full.
test.AssertEquals(t, d.transaction, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true})
test.AssertEquals(t, d.transaction, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false})

// Spend 10 all 10 of our requests.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 10, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 10, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(0))
// We should have to wait 1 second before we can use another request but we
Expand All @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func TestMaybeRefund(t *testing.T) {
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Second*10)

// Attempt a refund of 10.
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 10, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 10, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(10))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Duration(0))
Expand All @@ -202,17 +202,17 @@ func TestMaybeRefund(t *testing.T) {
clk.Add(11 * time.Second)

// Attempt to refund to 11, then ensure it's still 10.
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, !d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(10))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Duration(0))
// Transaction is set when our TAT is in the past.
test.AssertEquals(t, d.transaction, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true})
test.AssertEquals(t, d.transaction, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false})

// Spend 5 of our 10 requests, then refund 1.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 5, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 5, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 1, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(6))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
Expand All @@ -221,15 +221,15 @@ func TestMaybeRefund(t *testing.T) {
clk.Add(time.Millisecond * 2500)

// Ensure we have 8.5 requests.
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeSpend(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 0, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.Assert(t, d.allowed, "should be allowed")
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(8))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
// Check that ResetIn represents the fractional earned request.
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Millisecond*1500)

// Refund 2 requests, we should only have 10, not 10.5.
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 2, true, true}, d.newTAT)
d = maybeRefund(clk, Transaction{"test", limit, 2, true, true, false}, d.newTAT)
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(10))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Duration(0))
Expand Down
26 changes: 22 additions & 4 deletions ratelimits/limiter.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -434,11 +434,29 @@ func (l *Limiter) BatchRefund(ctx context.Context, txns []Transaction) (*Decisio
return batchDecision, nil
}

// Reset resets the specified bucket to its maximum capacity. The new bucket
// state is persisted to the underlying datastore before returning.
func (l *Limiter) Reset(ctx context.Context, bucketKey string) error {
// BatchReset resets the specified buckets to their maximum capacity using the
// provided reset Transactions. The new bucket state is persisted to the
// underlying datastore before returning.
func (l *Limiter) BatchReset(ctx context.Context, txns []Transaction) error {
var bucketKeys []string
for _, txn := range txns {
if txn.allowOnly() {
// Ignore allow-only transactions.
continue
}
if !txn.resetOnly() {
return fmt.Errorf("found reset-only transaction, received check=%t spend=%t reset=%t", txn.check, txn.spend, txn.reset)
}
if slices.Contains(bucketKeys, txn.bucketKey) {
return fmt.Errorf("found duplicate bucket %q in batch", txn.bucketKey)
}
bucketKeys = append(bucketKeys, txn.bucketKey)
}
if len(bucketKeys) == 0 {
return nil
}
// Remove cancellation from the request context so that transactions are not
// interrupted by a client disconnect.
ctx = context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
return l.source.Delete(ctx, bucketKey)
return l.source.BatchDelete(ctx, bucketKeys)
}
23 changes: 13 additions & 10 deletions ratelimits/limiter_test.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -59,6 +59,14 @@ func setup(t *testing.T) (context.Context, map[string]*Limiter, *TransactionBuil
}, newTestTransactionBuilder(t), clk, randIP.String()
}

func mustReset(t *testing.T, l *Limiter, ctx context.Context, limit *Limit, bucketKey string) {
t.Helper()
txn, err := newResetTransaction(limit, bucketKey)
test.AssertNotError(t, err, "txn should be valid")
err = l.BatchReset(ctx, []Transaction{txn})
test.AssertNotError(t, err, "should not error")
}

func TestLimiter_CheckWithLimitOverrides(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
testCtx, limiters, txnBuilder, clk, testIP := setup(t)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -153,10 +161,8 @@ func TestLimiter_CheckWithLimitOverrides(t *testing.T) {
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Millisecond*50)

// Reset between tests.
err = l.Reset(testCtx, overriddenBucketKey)
test.AssertNotError(t, err, "should not error")
err = l.Reset(testCtx, normalBucketKey)
test.AssertNotError(t, err, "should not error")
mustReset(t, l, testCtx, overriddenLimit, overriddenBucketKey)
mustReset(t, l, testCtx, normalLimit, normalBucketKey)

// Spend the same bucket but in a batch with a Transaction that is
// check-only. This should succeed, but the decision should reflect
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -238,8 +244,7 @@ func TestLimiter_CheckWithLimitOverrides(t *testing.T) {
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Millisecond*50)

// Reset between tests.
err = l.Reset(testCtx, overriddenBucketKey)
test.AssertNotError(t, err, "should not error")
mustReset(t, l, testCtx, overriddenLimit, overriddenBucketKey)
})
}
}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -278,8 +283,7 @@ func TestLimiter_InitializationViaCheckAndSpend(t *testing.T) {
test.AssertEquals(t, d.retryIn, time.Duration(0))

// Reset our bucket.
err = l.Reset(testCtx, bucketKey)
test.AssertNotError(t, err, "should not error")
mustReset(t, l, testCtx, limit, bucketKey)

// Similar to above, but we'll use Spend() to actually initialize
// the bucket. Spend should return the same result as Check.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -400,8 +404,7 @@ func TestLimiter_RefundAndReset(t *testing.T) {
test.AssertEquals(t, d.remaining, int64(0))
test.AssertEquals(t, d.resetIn, time.Second)

err = l.Reset(testCtx, bucketKey)
test.AssertNotError(t, err, "should not error")
mustReset(t, l, testCtx, limit, bucketKey)

// Attempt to spend 20 more requests, this should succeed.
d, err = l.Spend(testCtx, txn20)
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions ratelimits/names.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ func BuildBucketKey(name Name, regId int64, singleIdent identifier.ACMEIdentifie
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return NewRegIdIdentValueBucketKey(name, regId, coveringIdent), nil
return newRegIdIdentValueBucketKey(name, regId, coveringIdent), nil
}
if regId == 0 {
return "", makeMissingErr("regId")
Expand All @@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ func BuildBucketKey(name Name, regId int64, singleIdent identifier.ACMEIdentifie
return "", makeMissingErr("regId")
}
// Default: use 'enum:regId:identValue' bucket key format.
return NewRegIdIdentValueBucketKey(name, regId, singleIdent.Value), nil
return newRegIdIdentValueBucketKey(name, regId, singleIdent.Value), nil
}
if regId == 0 {
return "", makeMissingErr("regId")
Expand Down
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