build base image from debian

[brettmc]

Build developer image from debian with Sury repo.
Our multi-arch builds trying to build extensions from source is timing out after 600 minutes, this brings the build time down to ~10 minutes (or ~1 minute for just amd64, which doesn't need qemu virtualization)

I've tested locally that make all passes on all supported versions (8.1-8.4)

Notable tweaks:

• assertions were not enabled by default
• removed/commented out grpc.enable_fork_support to work around some grpc issues

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 68.66%. Comparing base (3968f74) to head (d328144).
Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##               main    #1662      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     68.64%   68.66%   +0.02%     
  Complexity     2854     2854              
============================================
  Files           425      425              
  Lines          8699     8699              
============================================
+ Hits           5971     5973       +2     
+ Misses         2728     2726       -2     

Flag	Coverage Δ
8.1	68.37% <ø> (ø)
8.2	68.56% <ø> (-0.04%)	⬇️
8.3	68.57% <ø> (ø)
8.4	68.57% <ø> (-0.04%)	⬇️
8.5	68.62% <ø> (+0.01%)	⬆️

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see 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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