|
267 | 267 | <body> |
268 | 268 | <section id='abstract'> |
269 | 269 | <p> |
270 | | -This specification provides normative and non-normative guidance on |
271 | | -implementing and managing [=verifiable credentials=] and associated |
272 | | -cryptographic practices. It emphasizes the importance of understanding and |
273 | | -updating cryptographic systems and managing private signing keys with limited |
274 | | -cryptoperiods. It discusses mechanisms for ensuring content integrity of |
275 | | -linked external resources and highlights the risks of unsigned claims. |
276 | | -Strategies are provided to mitigate man-in-the-middle (MITM), replay, and |
277 | | -spoofing attacks, and to address issues related to credential atomization, |
278 | | -validity periods, and device security. This specification also covers |
279 | | -acceptable use of credentials, warns against code injection risks, and |
280 | | -underscores the need for accessibility and internationalization |
281 | | -considerations, advocating for a data-first approach and adherence to |
282 | | -internationalization standards to ensure correct rendering of |
283 | | -multilingual text. |
| 270 | +[=Credentials=] are integral to our daily lives: driver's licenses confirm |
| 271 | +our capability to operate motor vehicles; university degrees assert our level |
| 272 | +of education; and government-issued passports attest to our citizenship when |
| 273 | +traveling between countries. This specification provides a mechanism for |
| 274 | +expressing these sorts of [=credentials=] on the Web in a way that is |
| 275 | +cryptographically secure, privacy respecting, and machine verifiable. These |
| 276 | +[=credentials=] provide benefits to us when used in the physical world, but |
| 277 | +their use on the Web continues to be elusive. |
284 | 278 | </p> |
285 | 279 | </section> |
286 | 280 |
|
@@ -312,8 +306,8 @@ <h2>Introduction</h2> |
312 | 306 |
|
313 | 307 | <p> |
314 | 308 | [=Credentials=] are integral to our daily lives: driver's licenses confirm |
315 | | -our capability to operate motor vehicles, university degrees assert our level |
316 | | -of education, and government-issued passports attest to our citizenship when |
| 309 | +our capability to operate motor vehicles; university degrees assert our level |
| 310 | +of education; and government-issued passports attest to our citizenship when |
317 | 311 | traveling between countries. This specification provides a mechanism for |
318 | 312 | expressing these sorts of [=credentials=] on the Web in a way that is |
319 | 313 | cryptographically secure, privacy respecting, and machine verifiable. These |
@@ -4870,9 +4864,9 @@ <h3>Spectrum of Privacy</h3> |
4870 | 4864 | For example, many people would prefer to remain anonymous when purchasing |
4871 | 4865 | alcohol because the regulation is only to verify whether a purchaser is |
4872 | 4866 | above a specific age. In contrast, when filling prescriptions written by |
4873 | | -a medical professional for a patient, the pharmacy must more strongly |
4874 | | -identify both the prescriber and the patient. No single approach to |
4875 | | -privacy works for all use cases. |
| 4867 | +a medical professional for a patient, the pharmacy is legally required |
| 4868 | +to more strongly identify both the prescriber and the patient. No single |
| 4869 | +approach to privacy works for all use cases. |
4876 | 4870 | </p> |
4877 | 4871 |
|
4878 | 4872 | <p class="note" |
@@ -4980,7 +4974,7 @@ <h3>Personally Identifiable Information</h3> |
4980 | 4974 | [=Issuers=] are strongly advised to provide privacy-protecting [=verifiable |
4981 | 4975 | credentials=] when possible — for example, by issuing `ageOver` [=verifiable |
4982 | 4976 | credentials=] instead of `dateOfBirth` [=verifiable credentials=] for use when a |
4983 | | -[=verifier=] wants to determine whether an [=entity=] is 18 years of age. |
| 4977 | +[=verifier=] wants to determine whether an [=entity=] is at least 18 years of age. |
4984 | 4978 | </p> |
4985 | 4979 |
|
4986 | 4980 | <p> |
@@ -5095,7 +5089,7 @@ <h3>Signature-Based Correlation</h3> |
5095 | 5089 | </li> |
5096 | 5090 | <li> |
5097 | 5091 | cryptographic material associated with the digital signature, such as |
5098 | | -a public key identifier. |
| 5092 | +a public key identifier |
5099 | 5093 | </li> |
5100 | 5094 | </ul> |
5101 | 5095 |
|
@@ -5519,7 +5513,7 @@ <h3>Aggregation of Credentials</h3> |
5519 | 5513 | <p> |
5520 | 5514 | The solution to the privacy implications of correlation or aggregation tends |
5521 | 5515 | not to be technological in nature, but policy-driven instead. Therefore, if a |
5522 | | -[=holder=] wishes to avoid the aggregation of their information, they must |
| 5516 | +[=holder=] wishes to avoid the aggregation of their information, they need to |
5523 | 5517 | express this in the [=verifiable presentations=] they transmit, and |
5524 | 5518 | by the [=holders=] and [=verifiers=] to whom they transmit their |
5525 | 5519 | [=verifiable presentations=]. |
@@ -5728,17 +5722,17 @@ <h3>Data Theft</h3> |
5728 | 5722 | transaction. |
5729 | 5723 | </p> |
5730 | 5724 | <p> |
5731 | | -Regulators are advised to reconsider audit requirements such that mechanisms |
5732 | | -that better preserve privacy can be used to achieve similar enforcement and |
5733 | | -audit capabilities. For example, audit-focused regulations that insist on the |
5734 | | -collection and long-term retention of personally identifiable information can |
5735 | | -cause harm to individuals and organizations if that same information is later |
5736 | | -compromised and accessed by an attacker. The technologies |
5737 | | -described by this specification enable [=holders=] to prove properties about |
5738 | | -themselves and others more readily, reducing the need for long-term data |
5739 | | -retention by [=verifiers=]. Alternatives include keeping logs that the |
5740 | | -information was collected and checked, as well as random tests to ensure |
5741 | | -that compliance regimes are operating as expected. |
| 5725 | +Regulators are advised to reconsider existing audit requirements such that |
| 5726 | +mechanisms that better preserve privacy can be used to achieve similar |
| 5727 | +enforcement and audit capabilities. For example, audit-focused regulations |
| 5728 | +that insist on the collection and long-term retention of personally |
| 5729 | +identifiable information can cause harm to individuals and organizations |
| 5730 | +if that same information is later compromised and accessed by an attacker. |
| 5731 | +The technologies described by this specification enable [=holders=] to |
| 5732 | +prove properties about themselves and others more readily, reducing the |
| 5733 | +need for long-term data retention by [=verifiers=]. Alternatives include |
| 5734 | +keeping logs that the information was collected and checked, as well as |
| 5735 | +random tests to ensure that compliance regimes are operating as expected. |
5742 | 5736 | </p> |
5743 | 5737 | </section> |
5744 | 5738 |
|
@@ -5823,7 +5817,7 @@ <h3>Issuer Cooperation Impacts on Privacy</h3> |
5823 | 5817 | such features. In many cases, privacy protections which make use of zero-knowledge |
5824 | 5818 | proofs, data minimization techniques, bearer credentials, abstract claims, and |
5825 | 5819 | protections against signature-based correlation require active support by the |
5826 | | -[=issuer=], who must incorporate those capabilities into the [=verifiable |
| 5820 | +[=issuer=], who need to incorporate those capabilities into the [=verifiable |
5827 | 5821 | credentials=] they issue. |
5828 | 5822 | </p> |
5829 | 5823 | <p> |
@@ -6741,8 +6735,8 @@ <h3>"Artificial Intelligence" and "Machine Learning"</h3> |
6741 | 6735 | and/or "machine learning" might be capable of performing complex tasks at a |
6742 | 6736 | level that meets or exceeds human performance. This might include tasks such as |
6743 | 6737 | the acquisition and use of [=verifiable credentials=]. Using such tasks to |
6744 | | -distinguish between human and automated "bot" activity, as is |
6745 | | -commonly done today with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA">CAPTCHA</a>, |
| 6738 | +distinguish between human and automated "bot" activity, as is commonly done |
| 6739 | +today with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA">CAPTCHA</a>, |
6746 | 6740 | for instance, might thereby cease to provide adequate or acceptable protection. |
6747 | 6741 | </p> |
6748 | 6742 |
|
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