Alternatives match language (#4262)

Closes #3873 by adding a concept of
matching language to understanding documents and techniques for 1.1 and
1.2

Also for the 1.2 Time-based Media page, added some previously missing
content.

---------

Co-authored-by: Kenneth G. Franqueiro <[email protected]>

Author: mbgower

techniques/general/G158.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
       <p>General technique. Applies to all technologies.</p>
    </section><section id="description"><h2>Description</h2>
       <p>The purpose of this technique is to provide an accessible alternative way of presenting the information in an audio-only presentation.</p>
-      <p>In an audio-only presentation, information is presented in a variety of ways including dialogue and sounds (both natural and artificial). In order to present the same information in accessible form, this technique involves creating a document that tells the same story and presents the same information as the prerecorded audio-only content. In this technique, the document serves as long description for the content and includes all of the important dialogue and as well as descriptions of background sounds etc. that are part of the story.</p>
+      <p>In an audio-only presentation, information is presented in a variety of ways including dialogue and sounds (both natural and artificial). In order to present the same information in accessible form, this technique involves creating a document that tells the same story and presents the same information in the same <a>human language</a> as the prerecorded audio-only content. In this technique, the document serves as long description for the content and includes all of the important dialogue and as well as descriptions of background sounds etc. that are part of the story.</p>
       <p>If an actual script was used to create the audio-only content in the first place, this can be a good place to start. In production and editing however, the content often varies somewhat from the script. For this technique, the original script would be corrected to match the dialogue and what actually happens in the final edited form of the audio presentation.</p>
    </section><section id="examples"><h2>Examples</h2>
       <ul>
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
       <section class="procedure"><h3>Procedure</h3>
          <ol>
             <li>View the audio-only content while referring to the alternative for time-based media.</li>
-            <li>Check that the dialogue in the transcript matches the dialogue and information presented in the audio-only presentation.</li>
+            <li>Check that the dialogue in the transcript matches the <a>human language</a>, dialogue, and information presented in the audio-only presentation.</li>
             <li>If the audio includes multiple voices, check that the transcript identifies who is speaking for all dialogue.</li>
             <li>
                <p>Check that at least one of the following is true:</p>

techniques/general/G159.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
       <p>General technique. Applies to all technologies.</p>
    </section><section id="description"><h2>Description</h2>
       <p>The purpose of this technique is to provide an accessible alternative way of presenting the information in a video-only presentation.</p>
-      <p>In a video-only presentation, information is presented in a variety of ways including animation, text or graphics, the setting and background, the actions and expressions of people, animals, etc. In order to present the same information in accessible form, this technique involves creating a document that tells the same story and presents the same information as the prerecorded video-only content. In this technique, the document serves as a long description for the content and includes all of the important information as well as descriptions of scenery, actions, expressions, etc. that are part of the presentation.</p>
+      <p>In a video-only presentation, information is presented in a variety of ways including animation, text or graphics, the setting and background, the actions and expressions of people, animals, etc. In order to present the same information in accessible form, this technique involves creating a document that tells the same story and presents the same information as the prerecorded video-only content. In this technique, the document serves as a long description for the content and includes all of the important information as well as descriptions of scenery, actions, expressions, etc. that are part of the presentation, in the same <a>human language</a> as the video or page.</p>
       <p>If a screenplay for the video-only content was used to create the content in the first place, this can be a good place to start. In production and editing however, the final version often varies somewhat from the screenplay. To use the screenplay, it would need to be corrected to match the final edited form of the video-only presentation.</p>
    </section><section id="examples"><h2>Examples</h2>
       <ul>
@@ -12,9 +12,8 @@
       <section class="procedure"><h3>Procedure</h3>
          <ol>
             <li>View the video-only content while referring to the alternative for time-based media.</li>
-            <li>Check that the information in the transcript includes the same information that is in the video-only presentation.</li>
+            <li>Check that the information in the transcript includes the same information that is in the video-only presentation in the same <a>human language</a> as the page or video.</li>
             <li>If the video includes multiple people or characters, check that the transcript identifies which person or character is associated with each action described.</li>
-            <li>
                <p>Check that at least one of the following is true:</p>
                <ol>
                   <li>The transcript itself can be programmatically determined from the text alternative for the video-only content</li>

techniques/general/G166.html

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ <h2>When to Use</h2>
 		</section>
 		<section id="description">
 			<h2>Description</h2>
-      <p>Video-only content is inaccessible to people who are blind and to some who have low vision. Therefore, it is important for them to have an audio alternative. One way of doing this is to provide an audio track describing the information in the video. The audio should be a common audio format used on the internet, such as MP3.</p>
+      <p>Video-only content is inaccessible to people who are blind and to some who have low vision. Therefore, it is important for them to have an audio alternative. One way of doing this is to provide an audio track describing the information in the video in the <a>human language</a> of the page. The audio should be a common audio format used on the internet, such as MP3.</p>
 		</section>
 		<section id="examples">
 			<h2>Examples</h2>
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ <h2>Tests</h2>
 				<h3>Procedure</h3>
 				<p>For a web page that contains video-only content:</p>
 				<ol>
-					<li>Check that there is link to an audio alternative which describes the contents of the video immediately before or after the video-only content.</li>
+					<li>Check that there is link to an audio alternative, which describes the contents of the video in the <a>human language</a> of the page, immediately before or after the video-only content.</li>
 				</ol>
       </section>
       <section class="results">

techniques/general/G173.html

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Providing a version of a movie with audio descriptions</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/sources.css" class="remove"/></head><body><h1>Providing a version of a movie with audio descriptions</h1><section class="meta"><p class="id">ID: G173</p><p class="technology">Technology: general</p><p class="type">Type: Technique</p></section><section id="applicability"><h2>When to Use</h2>
       <p>Any technology that supports audio and video.</p>
    </section><section id="description"><h2>Description</h2>
-      <p>The objective of this technique is to provide a second version of video content that provides audio desciptions so that it is possible for people who cannot see to be able to understand audio-visual material.</p>
+      <p>The objective of this technique is to provide a second version of video content that provides audio desciptions in the same <a>human language</a> as the video, so that it is possible for people who cannot see to be able to understand audio-visual material.</p>
       <p>Since most user agents today cannot merge multiple sound tracks, this technique adds the additional audio information to synchronized media by providing a second version of the movie where the original soundtrack and additional audio description have been combined in a single track. This additional information focuses on actions, characters, scene changes and on-screen text (not captions) that are important to understanding the content.</p>
       <p>Since it is not helpful to have this new information obscure key audio information in the original sound track (or be obscured by loud sound effects), the new information is added during pauses in dialogue and sound effects. This limits the amount of supplementary information that can be added to program.</p>
       <p>Providing a second version of the movie that includes audio descriptions as the primary sound track will make this content accessible for blind people who need to hear not only the dialogue, but also the context and other aspects of the video that are not communicated by the characters' dialogue alone.</p>

techniques/general/G69.html

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
          <li>text or graphics,</li>
          <li>and more.</li>
       </ul>
-      <p>In order to present the same information in accessible form, this technique involves creating a document that tells the same story and presents the same information as the synchronized media.  Such a document is sometimes called a screenplay. It includes all the important dialogue and actions as well as descriptions of backgrounds etc. that are part of the story.</p>
+      <p>In order to present the same information in accessible form, this technique involves creating a document that tells the same story and presents the same information as the synchronized media in the same <a>human language</a>.  Such a document is sometimes called a screenplay. It includes all the important dialogue and actions as well as descriptions of backgrounds etc. that are part of the story.</p>
       <p>If an actual screenplay was used to create the synchronized media in the first place, this can be a good place to start.  In production and editing however, the synchronized media usually changes from the screenplay.  For this technique, the original screenplay would be corrected to match the dialogue and what actually happens in the final edited form of the synchronized media.</p>
       <p>In addition, some special types of synchronized media include interaction that has to occur at particular places in the playing of the synchronized media.   Sometimes it may result in an action taking place (e.g., something is purchased, sent, done, etc.). Sometimes it may change the course of the synchronized media (e.g., the synchronized media has multiple paths that are determined by user input).  In those cases links or some other mechanism would be used in the alternative for time-based media to allow people using the alternative to be able to have the same options and abilities as those using the synchronized media.</p>
    </section><section id="examples"><h2>Examples</h2>

techniques/general/G78.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
       <p>Applies to any technology that has a sound track and visual content.</p>
    </section><section id="description"><h2>Description</h2>
       <p>The objective of this technique is to provide an audio (spoken) version of information that is provided visually so that it is possible for people who cannot see to be able to understand audio-visual material.</p>
-      <p>Since most user agents today cannot merge multiple sound tracks, this technique adds the additional audio information to synchronized media by providing an option which allows users to replace the soundtrack with a new copy of the original soundtrack that has the additional audio description added. This added information focuses on actions, characters, scene changes and on-screen text (not captions) that are important to understanding the content.</p>
+      <p>Since most user agents today cannot merge multiple sound tracks, this technique adds the additional audio information to synchronized media by providing an option which allows users to replace the soundtrack with a new copy of the original soundtrack that has the additional audio description added in the same <a>human language</a>. This added information focuses on actions, characters, scene changes and on-screen text (not captions) that are important to understanding the content.</p>
       <p>Since it is not helpful to have this new information obscure key audio information in the original sound track (or be obscured by loud sound effects), the new information is added during pauses in dialogue and sound effects. This limits the amount of supplementary information that can be added to the program.</p>
       <p>The soundtrack with the audio description (of visual information) can either be an alternate sound track that the user can choose, or it can be the standard sound track that everyone hears.</p>
    </section><section id="examples"><h2>Examples</h2>

techniques/general/G8.html

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Providing a movie with extended audio descriptions</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/sources.css" class="remove"/></head><body><h1>Providing a movie with extended audio descriptions</h1><section class="meta"><p class="id">ID: G8</p><p class="technology">Technology: general</p><p class="type">Type: Technique</p></section><section id="applicability"><h2>When to Use</h2>
       <p>Any technology that supports audio and video.</p>
    </section><section id="description"><h2>Description</h2>
-      <p>The objective of this technique is to provide a second version of video content that provides extended audio descriptions. One of the difficult things about creating traditional audio descriptions is that the narrator sometimes has to provide a lot of information during very short pauses in dialogue. Extended audio description temporarily pauses the audio and video to allow critical information to be delivered when pauses in dialogue are insufficient for adequate description.</p>
+      <p>The objective of this technique is to provide a second version of video content that provides extended audio descriptions in the same <a>human language</a> as the video. One of the difficult things about creating traditional audio descriptions is that the narrator sometimes has to provide a lot of information during very short pauses in dialogue. Extended audio description temporarily pauses the audio and video to allow critical information to be delivered when pauses in dialogue are insufficient for adequate description.</p>
       <p>Providing a second version of the movie with extended audio descriptions will make this content accessible for blind people who need to hear not only the dialogue but also the context and other aspects of the video that are not communicated by the characters' dialogue alone, and for which there is insufficient time during the natural dialogue.</p>
       <p>Because it disrupts viewing for those who do not need the additional description, techniques that allow you to turn the feature on and off are often provided. Alternately, versions with and without the additional description can be provided.</p>
    </section><section id="examples"><h2>Examples</h2>

techniques/general/G87.html

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@
             synchronized media material to be able to view the material and see the dialogue and
             sounds - without requiring people who are not deaf to watch the captions.
             With this technique all of the dialogue and important sounds are embedded as
-            text in a fashion that causes the text not to be visible unless the user
+            text in the same <a>human language</a> as the video, in a fashion that causes the text not to be visible unless the user
             requests it. As a result they are visible only when needed. This requires
             special support for captioning in the user agent.</p>
       <p>NOTE: Captions should not be confused with subtitles. Subtitles provide text
-            of only the dialogue and do not include important sounds.</p>
+            of only the dialogue, in a different <a>human language</a>, and do not include important sounds.</p>
    </section><section id="examples"><h2>Examples</h2>
       <section class="example">
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
             <li>Turn on the closed caption feature of the media player</li>
             <li>View the synchronized media content</li>
             <li>Check that captions (of all dialogue and important sounds) are
-                  visible</li>
+                  visible and in the <a>human language</a> of the video</li>
          </ol>
       </section>
       <section class="results"><h3>Expected Results</h3>

techniques/general/G9.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
       <p>Applies to all technologies that present audio visual information.</p>
    </section><section id="description"><h2>Description</h2>
       <p>The objective of this technique is to allow users who cannot hear to be able
-            to access real-time synchronized media broadcasts. It is more difficult to create
+            to access real-time synchronized media broadcasts in the same <a>human language</a> as the orginal. It is more difficult to create
             accurate real-time captions because there is little time to correct mistakes
             or to listen a second time or consult someone to be sure the words are
             accurately reproduced. It is also harder to simplify or paraphrase

techniques/general/G93.html

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Providing open (always visible) captions</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/sources.css" class="remove"/></head><body><h1>Providing open (always visible) captions</h1><section class="meta"><p class="id">ID: G93</p><p class="technology">Technology: general</p><p class="type">Type: Technique</p></section><section id="applicability"><h2>When to Use</h2>
       <p>Any synchronized media technology, even ones that do not support closed captions.</p>
    </section><section id="description"><h2>Description</h2>
-      <p>The objective of this technique is to provide a way for people who are deaf or otherwise have trouble hearing the dialogue in audio visual material to be able to view the material.  With this technique all of the dialogue and important sounds are embedded as text in the video track.  As a result they are always visible and no special support for captioning is required by the user agent.</p>
-      <p>NOTE: Captions should not be confused with subtitles. Subtitles provide text of only the dialogue and do not include important sounds.</p>
+      <p>The objective of this technique is to provide a way for people who are deaf or otherwise have trouble hearing the dialogue in audio visual material to be able to view the material in the same <a>human language</a>.  With this technique all of the dialogue and important sounds are embedded as text in the video track.  As a result they are always visible and no special support for captioning is required by the user agent.</p>
+      <p>NOTE: Captions should not be confused with subtitles. Subtitles provide text of only the dialogue, in a different <a>human language</a>, and do not include important sounds.</p>
    </section><section id="examples"><h2>Examples</h2>
       <ul>
          <li>In order to ensure that everyone can view their online movies, even if users do not know how to turn on captions in their media player, a library association puts the captions directly into the video.</li>