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Reference chains for surviving live-heap samples via a bounded manual heap walk (PROF-15341) - #644

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Reference chains for surviving live-heap samples via a bounded manual heap walk (PROF-15341)#644
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@jbachorik jbachorik commented Jul 8, 2026

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What does this PR do?:
Implements reference-chain reconstruction for live-heap samples that survive
past their allocation window (PROF-15341). A ReferenceChainTracker runs a
dedicated BFS thread that tags reachable objects with JVMTI object tags,
walks the heap incrementally across GC epochs, and records the referrer-type
chain back toward a GC root (labelled with its GC-root kind). It is bridged
to LivenessTracker::selectLeakCandidates()'s population-slope leak
detection: when a still-live sampled object starts to look leak-shaped, its
chain is reconstructed from the frontier table and emitted to JFR.

flowchart TD
    LT["LivenessTracker::selectLeakCandidates (population-slope ranking)"] -->|"ranked klass candidates"| PWT["ReferenceChainTracker::pollWatchedTargets"]
    BFS["BFS thread: threadLoop"] -->|"shouldRunPass gate: GC epoch advanced or cadence elapsed"| RP["runPass"]
    RP -->|"every pass"| MW["runPassManualWalk: IterateOverReachableObjects seeds roots"]
    MW --> EF["expandFrontier: batched array-holder FollowReferences"]
    EF --> FT["FrontierTable: FRONTIER / EXPANDED / EDGE / ABANDONED"]
    FT -->|"tag already set on a leak-candidate instance"| PWT
    PWT -->|"buildChainEvent"| RC["cacheResolvedChain: one entry per klass id, cap 256"]
    RC -->|"Profiler::dump, snapshot without clearing"| DR["drainPendingChainEvents"]
    DR --> JFR["datadog.ReferenceChain / datadog.ReferenceChainAbandoned"]
Loading

Heap-walk mechanism (the main design decision in this branch): every pass
takes a bounded manual walk (runPassManualWalk()) — pure JVMTI
(IterateOverReachableObjects for root enumeration + expandFrontier() for
incremental frontier expansion), resumable across passes, and bounded so its
safepoint pauses stay small on every collector, including ZGC. The walk
issues only JVMTI heap calls, which run inside the VM_HeapWalkOperation
safepoint and honor ZGC's load barriers, so concurrent relocation cannot
corrupt it — it reads no raw oop.

expandFrontier()'s batching, concretely: instead of one FollowReferences
call per frontier entry, up to budget pending tags are resolved in one
GetObjectsWithTags call, packed into a single JNI array (holder), and
expanded via exactly one FollowReferences(initial_object = holder) call —
so one BFS level is discovered per VM-safepoint operation rather than one
safepoint per entry:

sequenceDiagram
    participant BFS as BFS thread
    participant JVMTI as JVMTI
    participant JNI as JNI holder array
    participant CB as heapReferenceCallback

    BFS->>BFS: pull up to budget tags from front of _pending_expand
    BFS->>JVMTI: GetObjectsWithTags, resolve which tags are still live
    JVMTI-->>BFS: live jobject references
    BFS->>JNI: EnsureLocalCapacity, then NewObjectArray to build holder
    alt exception, EnsureLocalCapacity failure, or null holder
        BFS->>BFS: ctx.truncated = true, retry this batch next pass
    else holder built successfully
        BFS->>JNI: SetObjectArrayElement per resolved object
        BFS->>JVMTI: FollowReferences, initial_object = holder
        JVMTI->>CB: heapReferenceCallback per outgoing edge
        CB-->>JVMTI: descend only for batch_tags boundary objects
        JVMTI-->>BFS: one BFS hop expanded for the whole batch
        BFS->>BFS: markExpanded, admitObject appends children to _pending_expand
    end
Loading

expandFrontier()'s JNI/JVMTI error handling is defensive by construction: a
null holder, a pending JNI exception after NewObjectArray/
SetObjectArrayElement, or an EnsureLocalCapacity failure all set
ctx.truncated = true (retry next pass) instead of marking the batch
permanently EXPANDED; a failed java/lang/Object class resolution with
pending work also forces truncated = true, so runPass() cannot mistake
it for SearchState::COMPLETED.

Termination and pacing — an unbounded traversal could otherwise stall a
GC safepoint or run forever:

stateDiagram-v2
    direction LR
    [*] --> RUNNING
    RUNNING --> COMPLETED: frontier drained,<br/>no truncation this pass
    RUNNING --> ABANDONED: frontier-size cap hit,<br/>or wall-clock TTL exceeded<br/>with work still pending
    COMPLETED --> RUNNING: restartSearch
    ABANDONED --> RUNNING: restartSearch

    note right of ABANDONED
        SearchAbandonReason (FRONTIER_CAP/TTL)
        records which cutoff fired, for the
        T_REFERENCE_CHAIN_ABANDONED JFR event
    end note
    note right of RUNNING
        restartSearch only fires once a leak
        candidate is seen and PainBudget allows it
    end note
Loading
  • Per-pass budget, hop cap, wall-clock TTL, and frontier-size cap (the last
    treated as immediate search abandonment, not per-pass truncation) —
    configured via referencechains=true:hops=N:budget=N:ttl=N:framecap=N
    (plus firstpassbudget=N for the first pass's own budget). Negative
    hops/budget/framecap values are floored (an unfloored negative
    hops would otherwise wrap to ~4e9 as a u32, silently disabling the cap
    it's meant to enforce); all three are also ceiling-clamped.
  • A PID pause-time pacing controller (updatePacing(), pausetarget=N ms)
    adapts the effective per-pass budget and cadence toward a configured
    safepoint-pause SLO.
  • Search restarts are gated on an actual leak indication existing (so a
    restarted walk is very likely to still find the object) plus a
    PainBudget cooldown (painbudget=N, 0-100) — a leaky bucket over
    cumulative safepoint time spent, so a cheap search can restart sooner than
    an expensive one. This closes a structural gap where a one-shot walk could
    finish before population-trend detection had accumulated enough GC epochs
    to flag a candidate, leaving anything allocated afterward permanently
    undiscoverable.
  • Leak-candidate selection (LivenessTracker::selectLeakCandidates()) requires
    a klass's population growth to clear both a magnitude bar and a floor-rise
    bar for LEAK_TREND_HYSTERESIS_BASE (5) consecutive qualifying epochs —
    lowered to LEAK_TREND_HYSTERESIS_CORROBORATED (3) when the aggregate
    post-GC heap floor is also rising — rather than trusting a single epoch's
    positive slope. This closes a false-positive gap where an oscillating
    ("see-saw") population could otherwise trigger a search with no real
    longer-term growth.

JFR persistence across dumps: a resolved chain is cached per klass id
(_resolved_chains, capped at 256 entries, drop-not-evict once full — see
REFERENCE_CHAIN_EVENTS_DROPPED) and re-stamped into every subsequent dump
the sample survives into (drainPendingChainEvents() snapshots without
clearing, mirroring how LivenessTracker re-emits live-object samples), so a
long-lived leak's chain is present in each JFR chunk rather than only the
chunk active when it was first reconstructed. Verified end-to-end in
ExternalProcessReferenceChainTest.

Motivation:
PROF-15341 — give live-heap samples that survive long enough to look
leak-shaped an actual referrer chain, not just "this object is still alive",
without regressing safepoint-pause behaviour on low-pause collectors.

Additional Notes:
See doc/reference-chains-design.md and doc/reference-chains-collection-summary.md
for the full design and leak-detection mechanism. Per-pass
budget/hop-cap/TTL/frontier-cap/pause-target/pain-budget defaults are round,
unbenchmarked placeholders pending a measurement pass — no JMH harness for
this feature exists yet, though utils/ has repro, parameter-sweep, and
JFR-report shell/Python tooling used to characterise pause behaviour ad hoc.
Earlier planning/proposal docs (implementation plan, remaining-work plan,
benchmark plan, and an alternative VMStructs-walk design) described approaches
or work that were superseded or shipped differently than planned, so they were
dropped from this PR (kept locally, not committed) rather than left to drift
further from the code.

How to test the change?:

  • ./gradlew :ddprof-lib:gtestDebug — native unit suite, including
    ReferenceChainsTest/ReferenceChainsBfsTest/ReferenceChainsTagTest/
    FrontierTableTest/PollWatchedTargetsTest/ResolvedChainCacheTest,
    PainBudgetTest, SearchRestartTest (restart gate),
    ReferenceChainJfrRoundtripTest (JFR encode/decode), ArgumentsTest
    (referencechains= sub-option parsing, including hops/budget/framecap
    clamping behaviour), and the LivenessTracker/SelectLeakCandidates
    bridging tests.
  • ./gradlew :ddprof-test:testDebug --tests "*ExternalProcessReferenceChainTest*"
    genuinely separate-process end-to-end test: runs a real leaking-cache Java
    app in a child JVM, asserts the reconstructed chain's leaf class, and
    confirms the chain re-emits into three fresh JFR dumps (across-dumps
    persistence).
  • ./gradlew :ddprof-test:testDebug --tests "*ReferenceChainTrackingTest*"
    in-process coverage for the walk engine, target-selection bridging, and
    abandonment reporting.

For Datadog employees:

  • If this PR touches code that signs or publishes builds or packages, or handles
    credentials of any kind, I've requested a security review (run the dd:platform-security-review
    skill, or file a request via the PSEC review form).
    bewaire also runs automatically on every PR.
  • This PR doesn't touch any of that.
  • JIRA: PROF-15341

Unsure? Have a question? Request a review!

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CI Test Results

Run: #30920900809 | Commit: 1436f76 | Duration: 3h 0m 15s (longest job)

All 32 test jobs passed

Status Overview

JDK glibc-aarch64/debug glibc-amd64/debug musl-aarch64/debug musl-amd64/debug
8 - - -
8-ibm - - -
8-j9 - -
8-librca - -
8-orcl - - -
11 - - -
11-j9 - -
11-librca - -
17 - -
17-graal - -
17-j9 - -
17-librca - -
21 - -
21-graal - -
21-librca - -
25 🚫 - -
25-graal - -
25-librca - -

Legend: ✅ passed | ❌ failed | ⚪ skipped | 🚫 cancelled

Summary: Total: 32 | Passed: 31 | Failed: 0 | Cancelled: 1


Updated: 2026-08-04 17:53:27 UTC

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Reliability & Chaos Results

1 failure(s) detected Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/java-profiler/-/pipelines/127431974

❌ chaos: profiler gmalloc aarch64 21 0 3 temXchaos
chaos.jar unavailable

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Benchmark Results (commit cfec595)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/123822759 Commit: cfec5956f438cc43b62cd2c81cbe46077ef66168

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 💥 akka-uct (JDK 25): latest crashed
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 25 💥 0 ms (0 iters) 💥 0 ms (0 iters) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 1949 / 2055 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / · ✅ / · ✅ / · ✅ / · ✅ / · ✅ / ·
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 1 8727 / 8389 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 8166 / 8396 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 1292 / 1256 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 1288 / 1290 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 2830 / 3023 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 2976 / 2821 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 · / ✅ · / ✅ · / 3 · / 3555 · / ✅ · / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 3499 / 3485 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1592 / 1697 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1922 / 1854 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

jbachorik added a commit that referenced this pull request Jul 10, 2026
…racking

Addresses review findings from PR #644 (reference chains for surviving
live-heap samples): FrontierTable's shared-lock mutation race, a
single-byte JFR event size prefix that silently truncates chains longer
than 255 bytes, blocking sample-lock retries in writeReferenceChain()
now bounded by a shared per-batch deadline with a drop counter,
unvalidated referencechains sub-option values, a startThread()/
pthread_kill() race publishing _running before the thread handle is
initialized, a null-JNIEnv leak in threadLoop(), releaseSearchTags()
now surfacing GetObjectsWithTags() failures so restartSearch() never
resets tag state prematurely, resolveLoadedClasses() skipping its
per-class scan only when the loaded-class count is unchanged (not just
non-decreasing), a spurious COMPLETED state after a failed first-pass
FollowReferences call, and removal of a leftover debug helper in
ExternalProcessReferenceChainTest. Adds regression test coverage for
release-failure and negative-value option paths.

Verified via the full ddprof-lib gtestDebug suite (149/149 tasks,
57/57 referenceChains_ut tests).

Environment: Datadog workspace

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Benchmark Results (commit 0714bd3)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124004132 Commit: 0714bd3166261f2710c22414dbfa68c11c699bdc

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime -2.6% (2834→2761 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10184 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10371 ms (21 iters) ≈ +1.8% (±11.5%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8891 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8865 ms (24 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±10.2%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6003 ms (33 iters) ✅ 6034 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±25.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5507 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5426 ms (36 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±23.8%) ⚠️ W:4 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2834 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2761 ms (67 iters) 🟢 -2.6% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2824 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2838 ms (66 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2113 ms (88 iters) ✅ 2065 ms (89 iters) ≈ -2.3% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2059 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2102 ms (89 iters) ≈ +2.1% (±2.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1283 ms (134 iters) ✅ 1260 ms (135 iters) ≈ -1.8% (±32%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1016 ms (169 iters) ✅ 1017 ms (168 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±31.5%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16658 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16371 ms (16 iters) ≈ -1.7% (±9%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18507 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18056 ms (15 iters) ≈ -2.4% (±5.6%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1929 / 2034 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 2310 / 2113 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 8529 / 8852 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 8635 / 8390 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 5 1284 / 1281 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 2 1283 / 1285 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2930 / 2864 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 2963 / 2953 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 7 / 6 3558 / 3510 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 3463 / 3469 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1564 / 1782 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1905 / 1681 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit 700d838)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124275960 Commit: 700d838fc33298d5789fd9e1b29c8a142c11f41e

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🔴 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime +4.5% (2598→2715 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10425 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10259 ms (21 iters) ≈ -1.6% (±11.1%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8748 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8797 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0.6% (±10.5%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5970 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5982 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±25.3%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5469 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5468 ms (36 iters) ≈ -0% (±24.3%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2598 ms (73 iters) ✅ 2715 ms (69 iters) 🔴 +4.5% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2784 ms (67 iters) ✅ 2847 ms (66 iters) ≈ +2.3% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2122 ms (87 iters) ✅ 2126 ms (88 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2035 ms (91 iters) ✅ 2057 ms (91 iters) ≈ +1.1% (±2.7%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1304 ms (131 iters) ✅ 1253 ms (136 iters) ≈ -3.9% (±32.2%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1015 ms (169 iters) ✅ 1018 ms (168 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±31.8%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16107 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16847 ms (15 iters) ≈ +4.6% (±7.9%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18469 ms (15 iters) ✅ 19075 ms (14 iters) ≈ +3.3% (±4.9%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / ✅ 1950 / 1991 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 2228 / 2453 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 2 8686 / 8417 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 8561 / 8290 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1272 / 1289 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 1287 / 1298 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 2912 / 3017 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 2907 / 2872 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 3515 / 3489 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 7 3498 / 3463 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1732 / 1701 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1780 / 1924 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

jbachorik added a commit that referenced this pull request Jul 14, 2026
…racking

Addresses review findings from PR #644 (reference chains for surviving
live-heap samples): FrontierTable's shared-lock mutation race, a
single-byte JFR event size prefix that silently truncates chains longer
than 255 bytes, blocking sample-lock retries in writeReferenceChain()
now bounded by a shared per-batch deadline with a drop counter,
unvalidated referencechains sub-option values, a startThread()/
pthread_kill() race publishing _running before the thread handle is
initialized, a null-JNIEnv leak in threadLoop(), releaseSearchTags()
now surfacing GetObjectsWithTags() failures so restartSearch() never
resets tag state prematurely, resolveLoadedClasses() skipping its
per-class scan only when the loaded-class count is unchanged (not just
non-decreasing), a spurious COMPLETED state after a failed first-pass
FollowReferences call, and removal of a leftover debug helper in
ExternalProcessReferenceChainTest. Adds regression test coverage for
release-failure and negative-value option paths.

Verified via the full ddprof-lib gtestDebug suite (149/149 tasks,
57/57 referenceChains_ut tests).

Environment: Datadog workspace

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@jbachorik
jbachorik force-pushed the jb/reference-chains branch from 700d838 to 9972bff Compare July 14, 2026 12:03
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Benchmark Results (commit 9972bff)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124511782 Commit: 9972bff9464d4d2a8ee4a279dc8f8d35c88dd2e9

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10365 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10456 ms (21 iters) ≈ +0.9% (±12%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8820 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8890 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0.8% (±9.9%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5990 ms (33 iters) ✅ 6050 ms (33 iters) ≈ +1% (±24.8%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5495 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5462 ms (36 iters) ≈ -0.6% (±24.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2745 ms (68 iters) ✅ 2714 ms (69 iters) ≈ -1.1% (±2.7%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2831 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2828 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.1% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2150 ms (87 iters) ✅ 2112 ms (87 iters) ≈ -1.8% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2073 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2121 ms (87 iters) ≈ +2.3% (±2.5%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1287 ms (133 iters) ✅ 1312 ms (131 iters) ≈ +1.9% (±33%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1017 ms (168 iters) ✅ 1030 ms (166 iters) ≈ +1.3% (±32.1%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 15980 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16718 ms (15 iters) ≈ +4.6% (±7%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18712 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18346 ms (15 iters) ≈ -2% (±3.1%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1902 / 2028 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 2103 / 2152 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 5 8628 / 8249 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 8833 / 8700 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1256 / 1240 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 1264 / 1305 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 3046 / 3002 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 3 2879 / 2830 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 3479 / 3463 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 5 3476 / 3482 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1862 / 1833 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit a636398)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124700626 Commit: a636398f93c3fd15fb9fd3b6253da66f36e56742

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10127 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10208 ms (21 iters) ≈ +0.8% (±11.6%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 9010 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8842 ms (24 iters) ≈ -1.9% (±10.3%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6004 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5987 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±25%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5500 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5500 ms (36 iters) ≈ 0% (±24.6%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2714 ms (69 iters) ✅ 2715 ms (68 iters) ≈ +0% (±2.7%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2812 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2837 ms (66 iters) ≈ +0.9% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2107 ms (88 iters) ✅ 2065 ms (90 iters) ≈ -2% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2018 ms (92 iters) ✅ 2025 ms (92 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±2.8%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1246 ms (137 iters) ✅ 1227 ms (139 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±32.3%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1003 ms (170 iters) ✅ 1028 ms (166 iters) ≈ +2.5% (±32%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 15862 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16456 ms (15 iters) ≈ +3.7% (±9.3%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18376 ms (15 iters) 💥 0 ms (0 iters) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 4 1972 / 1963 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 6 2396 / 2157 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 8557 / 8411 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / ✅ 8575 / 8705 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 1288 / 1228 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1268 / 1277 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 2972 / 2870 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 2818 / 2994 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 3519 / 3503 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 3468 / 3470 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1567 / 1727 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1929 / 1873 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit f2d8978)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124747648 Commit: f2d8978c23b568eb4ce8006e8e9b901cdaed11c3

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10331 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10246 ms (21 iters) ≈ -0.8% (±11.2%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8728 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8956 ms (24 iters) ≈ +2.6% (±10.6%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6011 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5985 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.4% (±25.6%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5522 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5441 ms (36 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±24.4%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2699 ms (70 iters) ✅ 2742 ms (68 iters) ≈ +1.6% (±2.7%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2806 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2796 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.4% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2082 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2051 ms (90 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±2.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1252 ms (136 iters) ✅ 1252 ms (136 iters) ≈ 0% (±32.7%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16483 ms (15 iters) ✅ 17081 ms (15 iters) ≈ +3.6% (±7.9%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 4 1998 / 1935 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 2240 / 2356 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 5 8506 / 8471 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 8384 / 7986 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 3 1293 / 1281 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1255 / 1280 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 2987 / 2963 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 2916 / 2851 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 4 3501 / 3519 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 9 3486 / 3432 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1617 / 1818 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1931 / 1868 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit a48899b)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124773626 Commit: a48899b982ca5139081f665d6ffe1b8b5c3790fa

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🔴 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime +2.8% (2687→2761 ms)
  • 🔴 future-genetic (JDK 21): runtime +3.4% (2047→2116 ms)
  • 🔴 future-genetic (JDK 25): runtime +4.2% (2000→2083 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10376 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10228 ms (21 iters) ≈ -1.4% (±11%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8829 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8859 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±10%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6001 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5928 ms (33 iters) ≈ -1.2% (±25.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5469 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5475 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±24.5%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2687 ms (70 iters) ✅ 2761 ms (68 iters) 🔴 +2.8% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2810 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2805 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2047 ms (91 iters) ✅ 2116 ms (88 iters) 🔴 +3.4% — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2000 ms (93 iters) ✅ 2083 ms (89 iters) 🔴 +4.2% — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1256 ms (136 iters) ✅ 1253 ms (136 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±32.8%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1016 ms (169 iters) ✅ 1016 ms (169 iters) ≈ 0% (±31.3%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16870 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16463 ms (15 iters) ≈ -2.4% (±7.3%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18270 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18333 ms (15 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±4.5%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 2 1988 / 2024 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 2263 / 2395 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 6 8440 / 8679 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 8283 / 8410 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1288 / 1260 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 4 1250 / 1295 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 2968 / 3003 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 2843 / 2902 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 3474 / 3510 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 3495 / 3488 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1726 / 1721 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 3 1893 / 1750 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit 787f29e)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124811024 Commit: 787f29e84914d8da397ed2a644c91d59a2f1e08e

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🔴 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime +5.3% (2693→2836 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10215 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10475 ms (21 iters) ≈ +2.5% (±11.9%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8843 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8861 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±10.5%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5986 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5971 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±25.5%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5515 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5479 ms (36 iters) ≈ -0.7% (±24.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:4
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2693 ms (70 iters) ✅ 2836 ms (66 iters) 🔴 +5.3% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2820 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2837 ms (66 iters) ≈ +0.6% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2059 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2070 ms (89 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2089 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2130 ms (87 iters) ≈ +2% (±2.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1284 ms (133 iters) ✅ 1313 ms (131 iters) ≈ +2.3% (±33%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1009 ms (170 iters) ✅ 988 ms (173 iters) ≈ -2.1% (±31.4%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16540 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16155 ms (15 iters) ≈ -2.3% (±7.1%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18545 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18816 ms (15 iters) ≈ +1.5% (±4.2%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 1987 / 1990 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 4 2238 / 2323 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 8290 / 8529 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 8323 / 8386 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 1299 / 1277 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1274 / 1299 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 2920 / 2982 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 2886 / 2864 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 1 3505 / 3499 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1593 / 1669 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1849 / 1940 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit fede524)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124833099 Commit: fede5244169eddd7f6280cd0a9fe39b618080bd7

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10349 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10262 ms (21 iters) ≈ -0.8% (±12.1%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8820 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8733 ms (24 iters) ≈ -1% (±10.2%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6023 ms (33 iters) ✅ 6016 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.1% (±25.6%) ⚠️ W:4 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5517 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5419 ms (36 iters) ≈ -1.8% (±24.1%) ⚠️ W:4 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2713 ms (69 iters) ✅ 2649 ms (71 iters) ≈ -2.4% (±2.5%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2826 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2808 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.6% (±2.5%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2076 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2092 ms (89 iters) ≈ +0.8% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2029 ms (92 iters) ✅ 2024 ms (91 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±2.7%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1253 ms (136 iters) ✅ 1279 ms (134 iters) ≈ +2.1% (±33%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1008 ms (170 iters) ✅ 1012 ms (169 iters) ≈ +0.4% (±31.6%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16287 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16063 ms (16 iters) ≈ -1.4% (±6.5%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18328 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18575 ms (15 iters) ≈ +1.3% (±4.4%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1913 / 1895 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 2116 / 2231 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 4 8775 / 8877 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 8359 / 8415 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1260 / 1279 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 1275 / 1273 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2874 / 2807 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / ✅ 3520 / 3527 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 5 3466 / 3469 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1547 / 1755 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1873 / 1890 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit ef0f5c6)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124961539 Commit: ef0f5c6cd6793c440715d8f51a20218afa8cd188

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10321 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10247 ms (21 iters) ≈ -0.7% (±11.2%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8827 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8856 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±9.9%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5961 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5961 ms (33 iters) ≈ 0% (±25.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5473 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5482 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±24.2%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:4
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2721 ms (69 iters) ✅ 2776 ms (67 iters) ≈ +2% (±2.8%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2805 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2801 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.1% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2074 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2054 ms (90 iters) ≈ -1% (±2.5%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2082 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2065 ms (90 iters) ≈ -0.8% (±2.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1255 ms (137 iters) ✅ 1266 ms (135 iters) ≈ +0.9% (±32.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1006 ms (170 iters) ✅ 979 ms (174 iters) ≈ -2.7% (±31.6%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16850 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16138 ms (15 iters) ≈ -4.2% (±7%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18309 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18522 ms (15 iters) ≈ +1.2% (±5.7%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1878 / 1946 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 3 2374 / 2471 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 3 8174 / 8713 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 2 8354 / 8759 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 1279 / 1258 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1264 / 1263 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 2985 / 2919 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 5 2902 / 2849 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 3582 / 3490 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 9 / 3 3490 / 3517 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1749 / 1686 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 2 1866 / 1903 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit 1299316)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124967829 Commit: 1299316723d6feb8baf7e573b7925f816b772b79

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🔴 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime +4.7% (2696→2822 ms)
  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 25): runtime -3.4% (2842→2746 ms)
  • 🟢 future-genetic (JDK 25): runtime -3.5% (2134→2059 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10336 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10245 ms (21 iters) ≈ -0.9% (±11.5%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8868 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8789 ms (24 iters) ≈ -0.9% (±10.7%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5968 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5971 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±25.8%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5510 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5537 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±24.5%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2696 ms (69 iters) ✅ 2822 ms (66 iters) 🔴 +4.7% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2842 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2746 ms (68 iters) 🟢 -3.4% — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2068 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2051 ms (90 iters) ≈ -0.8% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2134 ms (87 iters) ✅ 2059 ms (90 iters) 🟢 -3.5% — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1318 ms (130 iters) ✅ 1253 ms (136 iters) ≈ -4.9% (±31.8%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 998 ms (171 iters) ✅ 1025 ms (167 iters) ≈ +2.7% (±32.1%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16264 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16625 ms (15 iters) ≈ +2.2% (±7.4%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 17926 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18917 ms (15 iters) ≈ +5.5% (±5.6%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1917 / 1934 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 3 2285 / 2434 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 2 8503 / 8628 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 8331 / 8664 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1287 / 1266 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1277 / 1290 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 3037 / 2981 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 2897 / 2943 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 12 3507 / 3493 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 5 3446 / 3481 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / ✅ 1765 / 1665 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 1855 / 1920 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

jbachorik added a commit that referenced this pull request Jul 16, 2026
…racking

Addresses review findings from PR #644 (reference chains for surviving
live-heap samples): FrontierTable's shared-lock mutation race, a
single-byte JFR event size prefix that silently truncates chains longer
than 255 bytes, blocking sample-lock retries in writeReferenceChain()
now bounded by a shared per-batch deadline with a drop counter,
unvalidated referencechains sub-option values, a startThread()/
pthread_kill() race publishing _running before the thread handle is
initialized, a null-JNIEnv leak in threadLoop(), releaseSearchTags()
now surfacing GetObjectsWithTags() failures so restartSearch() never
resets tag state prematurely, resolveLoadedClasses() skipping its
per-class scan only when the loaded-class count is unchanged (not just
non-decreasing), a spurious COMPLETED state after a failed first-pass
FollowReferences call, and removal of a leftover debug helper in
ExternalProcessReferenceChainTest. Adds regression test coverage for
release-failure and negative-value option paths.

Verified via the full ddprof-lib gtestDebug suite (149/149 tasks,
57/57 referenceChains_ut tests).

Environment: Datadog workspace

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@jbachorik
jbachorik force-pushed the jb/reference-chains branch from 1299316 to baba070 Compare July 16, 2026 11:31
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Benchmark Results (commit baba070)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124983919 Commit: baba0702198bb700cacfe9ab28c900eaf7d3f729

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10403 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10169 ms (21 iters) ≈ -2.2% (±10.2%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8907 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8843 ms (24 iters) ≈ -0.7% (±10.4%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5989 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5996 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±25.4%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5542 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5550 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±24.6%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2791 ms (67 iters) ✅ 2838 ms (66 iters) ≈ +1.7% (±2.7%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2852 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2834 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.6% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2086 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2064 ms (90 iters) ≈ -1.1% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2100 ms (88 iters) ✅ 2103 ms (88 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±2.5%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1266 ms (135 iters) ✅ 1263 ms (135 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±32.4%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1016 ms (168 iters) ✅ 1017 ms (168 iters) ≈ +0.1% (±31.8%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16362 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16222 ms (15 iters) ≈ -0.9% (±8.7%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18867 ms (15 iters) ✅ 19004 ms (15 iters) ≈ +0.7% (±4.9%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1936 / 1969 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 3 2258 / 2003 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 8622 / 8930 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 8497 / 8401 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 2 1283 / 1288 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 1282 / 1292 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 1 2933 / 3028 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 2856 / 2850 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 3539 / 3501 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 7 / 5 3446 / 3450 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1682 / 1519 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1907 / 1977 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit 35c49c2)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/124997895 Commit: 35c49c2663a2e6e270a0287e4e059b8dab047faa

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 25): runtime -3% (2842→2756 ms)
  • 🟢 future-genetic (JDK 21): runtime -2.9% (2142→2080 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10367 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10371 ms (21 iters) ≈ +0% (±11.3%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8917 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8766 ms (24 iters) ≈ -1.7% (±10.2%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5986 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5972 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±25.3%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2801 ms (67 iters) ✅ 2750 ms (68 iters) ≈ -1.8% (±2.6%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2842 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2756 ms (68 iters) 🟢 -3% — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2142 ms (87 iters) ✅ 2080 ms (89 iters) 🟢 -2.9% — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 1991 ms (94 iters) ✅ 2035 ms (91 iters) ≈ +2.2% (±2.7%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1025 ms (167 iters) ✅ 1010 ms (169 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±31.4%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16244 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16474 ms (15 iters) ≈ +1.4% (±7.9%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18288 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18332 ms (15 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±3.9%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 1950 / 1991 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2303 / 2180 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 6 8767 / 8881 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 8034 / 8300 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1316 / 1287 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 1289 / 1282 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 2889 / 2882 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 2935 / 2838 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 8 / 2 3496 / 3495 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 4 3477 / 3510 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1642 / 1586 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1802 / 1759 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit a9fb05f)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/125008807 Commit: a9fb05fe90d68c1097e48893b1256661ecdfce30

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime -3.1% (2772→2687 ms)
  • 💥 naive-bayes (JDK 25): latest crashed
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10309 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10453 ms (21 iters) ≈ +1.4% (±11%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8814 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8779 ms (24 iters) ≈ -0.4% (±10.4%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6006 ms (33 iters) ✅ 6047 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.7% (±25.8%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5467 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5455 ms (36 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±24.8%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2772 ms (68 iters) ✅ 2687 ms (70 iters) 🟢 -3.1% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2810 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2801 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2087 ms (88 iters) ✅ 2055 ms (90 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2088 ms (89 iters) ✅ 2046 ms (91 iters) ≈ -2% (±2.5%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1233 ms (139 iters) ✅ 1257 ms (136 iters) ≈ +1.9% (±32.9%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 💥 0 ms (0 iters) 💥 0 ms (0 iters) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16947 ms (15 iters) ✅ 15936 ms (15 iters) ≈ -6% (±8.2%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18681 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18731 ms (15 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±5.3%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2008 / 2140 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2058 / 2262 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 3 8437 / 8783 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 8064 / 8228 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / ✅ 1275 / 1291 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 1250 / 1261 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 2876 / 3036 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 2912 / 2869 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 3492 / 3491 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1892 / 1633 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 2 1914 / 1937 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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Benchmark Results (commit 2033006)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/125072159 Commit: 20330063bf66bf581cf9ae47f94cff709e5aa6be

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 25): runtime -3.7% (2848→2743 ms)
  • 🔴 future-genetic (JDK 25): runtime +3.2% (1994→2057 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10363 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10147 ms (21 iters) ≈ -2.1% (±11.6%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8966 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8873 ms (24 iters) ≈ -1% (±10.2%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6007 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5986 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±26.1%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5488 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5433 ms (36 iters) ≈ -1% (±24.3%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2726 ms (68 iters) ✅ 2760 ms (68 iters) ≈ +1.2% (±2.6%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2848 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2743 ms (69 iters) 🟢 -3.7% — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2062 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2047 ms (90 iters) ≈ -0.7% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 1994 ms (93 iters) ✅ 2057 ms (90 iters) 🔴 +3.2% — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1269 ms (135 iters) ✅ 1258 ms (136 iters) ≈ -0.9% (±32.5%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1012 ms (169 iters) ✅ 1016 ms (168 iters) ≈ +0.4% (±31.6%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16554 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16630 ms (15 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±8.5%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18407 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18308 ms (15 iters) ≈ -0.5% (±4.1%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 2101 / 2026 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 3 2336 / 2365 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 3 8772 / 8497 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 8397 / 8470 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 1260 / 1274 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1303 / 1307 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 2893 / 2882 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 2958 / 2912 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 3540 / 3527 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 6 3458 / 3485 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1736 / 1754 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1990 / 1872 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

@jbachorik
jbachorik force-pushed the jb/reference-chains branch from 2033006 to 02a0a93 Compare July 17, 2026 11:39
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Benchmark Results (commit 02a0a93)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/125255579 Commit: 02a0a93ab9ef8ac64aa3c023b521fb75c90101c0

✅ Within expected boundaries

No significant runtime deltas (all within run-to-run noise) and no internal-counter outliers.

Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10381 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10219 ms (21 iters) ≈ -1.6% (±10.7%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8953 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8955 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0% (±10.3%) — / —
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5441 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5453 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±24.7%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:4
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2826 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2821 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.2% (±2.5%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2823 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2831 ms (66 iters) ≈ +0.3% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2108 ms (88 iters) ✅ 2101 ms (88 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±2.7%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2058 ms (90 iters) ✅ 2058 ms (90 iters) ≈ 0% (±2.8%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1272 ms (135 iters) ✅ 1254 ms (136 iters) ≈ -1.4% (±32.4%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1025 ms (167 iters) ✅ 1030 ms (166 iters) ≈ +0.5% (±31.6%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16061 ms (16 iters) ✅ 16620 ms (15 iters) ≈ +3.5% (±7%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18214 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18799 ms (15 iters) ≈ +3.2% (±4.4%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 5 2081 / 1905 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 4 2288 / 2409 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 3 8386 / 8271 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1278 / 1249 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 7 / 1 1292 / 1268 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 2963 / 3067 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / ✅ 2906 / 2874 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 8 / 2 3532 / 3477 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 4 3500 / 3472 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / ✅ 1771 / 1762 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / ✅ 1879 / 1923 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings July 21, 2026 15:22

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Copilot was unable to review this pull request because the user who requested the review has reached their quota limit.

@datadog-datadog-prod-us1

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Bits has a CI fix ready

🟢 Investigated · 🟢 Fix prepared · ⚪ Validation skipped · 🟠 Ready

symbols_linux.cpp performed pointer arithmetic on a null ELF load base for non-PIE images while generating PLT and relocation addresses. The calculations now use integer address arithmetic before conversion back to pointers.

Commit fix to this PR


View in Datadog | Reviewed commit ed6525a · Any feedback? Reach out in #deveng-pr-agent

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dd-octo-sts Bot commented Jul 31, 2026

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Benchmark Results (commit 2874885)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/128197217 Commit: 287488525b48dcf460044dda317c49168842c5ce

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🔴 future-genetic (JDK 21): runtime +2.7% (2046→2102 ms)
  • 🔴 future-genetic (JDK 25): runtime +2.8% (2004→2060 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10283 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10369 ms (21 iters) ≈ +0.8% (±11.2%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8936 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8937 ms (24 iters) ≈ +0% (±10.2%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5998 ms (33 iters) ✅ 6010 ms (33 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±25.9%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5472 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5465 ms (36 iters) ≈ -0.1% (±24.4%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2641 ms (72 iters) ✅ 2647 ms (71 iters) ≈ +0.2% (±2.5%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2845 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2836 ms (66 iters) ≈ -0.3% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2046 ms (91 iters) ✅ 2102 ms (88 iters) 🔴 +2.7% — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2004 ms (93 iters) ✅ 2060 ms (90 iters) 🔴 +2.8% — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1249 ms (137 iters) ✅ 1274 ms (134 iters) ≈ +2% (±32.9%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1057 ms (162 iters) ✅ 1015 ms (169 iters) ≈ -4% (±31.3%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 15919 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16127 ms (15 iters) ≈ +1.3% (±8.6%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18579 ms (15 iters) ✅ 18084 ms (15 iters) ≈ -2.7% (±6.1%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 3 1920 / 1959 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 2376 / 2305 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 4 8575 / 8622 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 2 8481 / 8564 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 1 1286 / 1244 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / ✅ 1282 / 1306 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 2948 / 2925 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2977 / 2856 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 7 3481 / 3513 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 3509 / 3455 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1631 / 1742 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 1 1889 / 1893 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

…estarts

shouldRunPass() ran the first whole-heap walk/tagging pass unconditionally
even with no leak candidate to justify it; it now shares canAffordNewSearch()
with the restart gate.
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings August 3, 2026 14:12

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Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 65 out of 71 changed files in this pull request and generated no new comments.

Suppressed comments (10)

utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:94

  • These grep | awk pipelines can exit the script under set -euo pipefail when there are no safepoint matches (grep returns 1). The intent is to fall back to the JDK<=16 format and ultimately default to zeros, so both pipelines should tolerate "no matches" without aborting the sweep.
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:83
  • These grep | awk pipelines can exit the script under set -euo pipefail when there are no safepoint matches (grep returns 1). Since the code intends to fall back to the alternate format and default to zeros, both pipelines should be made non-fatal on empty matches.
    utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:81
  • With set -euo pipefail, these grep | cut pipelines will cause the whole sweep to exit if the [metrics] line is missing/malformed (grep returns 1). This defeats the later :-0 defaults and makes the sweep brittle to transient repro failures.

This issue also appears on line 90 of the same file.
utils/compare-refchains-repro.sh:126

  • The report column is labeled "delta (on vs. off)", but throughput delta is currently computed as off relative to on (reversed from every other metric). This makes the delta sign semantics inconsistent and easy to misread when comparing metrics.
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:76
  • With set -euo pipefail, these grep | cut pipelines will terminate the whole OFAT sweep if the [metrics] line is missing/malformed (grep returns 1). That makes the sweep brittle and prevents the later :-0 defaults from taking effect.

This issue also appears on line 79 of the same file.
utils/compare-refchains-repro.sh:104

  • With set -euo pipefail, these grep | awk pipelines will exit the whole script when there are no safepoint matches (grep returns 1), so the fallback format and the :-0 defaults never run. Making the pipelines non-fatal on empty matches will keep the comparison script robust.
    ddprof-test/src/test/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/test/ProfilerTestRunner.java:121
  • Splitting tag lists on , without trimming whitespace means -Dtest.tags.include=slow, e2e will try to match a tag named " e2e". Using a whitespace-tolerant split avoids surprising "tag not found" behavior.
    ddprof-test/src/test/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/referencechains/ReferenceChainTestSeamsTest.java:141
  • assertTrue(!target.equals(null)) is a confusing way to keep target live, and it's easy for readers (and potentially the JIT) to treat as a redundant constant-true check. Prefer an explicit null assertion to both document intent and keep the last use obvious.
    ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/flightRecorder.cpp:2112
  • rootKindName() hard-codes numeric jvmtiHeapReferenceKind values (8, 21, 22, ...). This is brittle and obscures intent; using the JVMTI enum constants avoids mismatches if values ever change and makes the mapping self-documenting.
static const char *rootKindName(u8 root_kind) {
  switch (root_kind) {
  case 8:
    return "static_field";
  case 21:

ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/flightRecorder.h:483

  • This comment says recordReferenceChain() is called from ReferenceChainTracker::pollWatchedTargets(), but the current implementation writes chains from Profiler::dump() after snapshotting the resolved-chain cache. The comment should match the actual emission path to avoid misleading future changes/debugging.
  // Mirrors recordReferenceChainAbandoned() above exactly, for
  // ReferenceChainEvent instead. Called from Profiler::writeReferenceChain()
  // (profiler.cpp), itself called from
  // ReferenceChainTracker::pollWatchedTargets() (referenceChains.cpp) for
  // each chain event discovered this poll cycle - unlike

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Benchmark Results (commit 1808111)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/128599211 Commit: 18081117564f20261ca775303987f0f3165e34c2

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 21): runtime -2.7% (2718→2645 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 21 ✅ 10311 ms (21 iters) ✅ 10219 ms (21 iters) ≈ -0.9% (±11.2%) — / —
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8850 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8955 ms (24 iters) ≈ +1.2% (±10.2%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 6002 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5998 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.1% (±25%) ⚠️ W:4 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5461 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5463 ms (36 iters) ≈ +0% (±24.3%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:4
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2718 ms (68 iters) ✅ 2645 ms (71 iters) 🟢 -2.7% — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2790 ms (67 iters) ✅ 2833 ms (66 iters) ≈ +1.5% (±2.6%) — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2134 ms (87 iters) ✅ 2113 ms (87 iters) ≈ -1% (±2.8%) — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2034 ms (92 iters) ✅ 2051 ms (91 iters) ≈ +0.8% (±2.6%) — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1289 ms (133 iters) ✅ 1262 ms (136 iters) ≈ -2.1% (±31.9%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1042 ms (164 iters) ✅ 945 ms (180 iters) ≈ -9.3% (±30.1%) — / —
reactors 21 ✅ 16185 ms (15 iters) ✅ 16119 ms (15 iters) ≈ -0.4% (±8.4%) — / —
reactors 25 ✅ 18862 ms (14 iters) ✅ 18581 ms (15 iters) ≈ -1.5% (±4.7%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 2 1960 / 1948 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2196 / 2217 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 3 8464 / 8583 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 3 / 1 8078 / 8308 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 1296 / 1257 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 1 2983 / 3003 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 2 2887 / 2916 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 5 3485 / 3490 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 6 / 5 3460 / 3473 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 1618 / 1575 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1598 / 1920 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

…ection

Fixes a false-positive see-saw pattern triggering reference-chain hunts
without a real longer-term generation-count trend. Also fixes lock-free
heap-floor ring memory ordering, gitignores review-tooling/OS cruft, and
hardens staleLeaf_ut.cpp to actually exercise the counted-slot invariant.
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings August 4, 2026 13:13

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Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 68 out of 75 changed files in this pull request and generated no new comments.

Suppressed comments (8)

utils/run-chaos-harness.sh:209

  • Same find precedence issue as the tcmalloc branch: without grouping, -maxdepth 4 does not apply to the -name 'libjemalloc.dylib' branch. Group the name patterns so the search bounds are consistent and predictable.
    ddprof-test/src/test/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/test/ProfilerTestRunner.java:121
  • Same parsing issue as include-tags: whitespace and empty entries can cause unexpected behavior (e.g. -Dtest.tags.exclude=slow, flaky won’t exclude flaky because the tag becomes " flaky"). Trim/filter the list before building the TagFilter.
    utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:81
  • With set -euo pipefail, these pipelines will terminate the whole sweep when the stdout metrics line is missing or incomplete (e.g., grep returns exit code 1), even though the script is otherwise designed to default missing metrics to 0 later. The compare script already guards these extractions; this sweep should do the same so a single failed run doesn’t abort the entire matrix.
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:76
  • Same issue as sweep-refchains-budgets.sh: with set -euo pipefail, these metric-extraction pipelines will abort the whole OFAT sweep when the [metrics] line is missing or doesn’t contain a particular key. That turns one flaky run into a failed sweep instead of just recording zeros for that point.
    utils/compare-refchains-repro.sh:124
  • The throughput delta is computed with swapped arguments, which makes the percentage depend on the on value (denominator) instead of the off/baseline value. For example off=100, on=80 reports +25% instead of the expected +20% drop. Compute the throughput cost relative to the off baseline so the reported percentage matches the other metrics’ convention.
    ddprof-test/src/test/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/referencechains/ReferenceChainTestSeamsTest.java:141
  • assertTrue(!target.equals(null)) is an unusual way to keep a variable reachable and can invoke user-defined equals if the type changes in the future. The local variable being in-scope is already sufficient; if you want an explicit reachability touch, use a null check instead.
    utils/run-chaos-harness.sh:196
  • This find command mixes -maxdepth with -o without grouping, so -maxdepth 4 only applies to the first -name branch. That can unexpectedly match a deep libtcmalloc.dylib elsewhere and makes the search less predictable. Wrap the -name ... -o -name ... in parentheses so -maxdepth applies to both patterns.

This issue also appears on line 209 of the same file.
ddprof-test/src/test/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/test/ProfilerTestRunner.java:117

  • The tag list parsing doesn’t trim whitespace or drop empty entries. A common value like -Dtest.tags.include=slow, e2e will try to match the tag " e2e" (leading space) and silently run nothing. Trim each tag (and ignore empties) before passing to JUnit’s TagFilter.

This issue also appears on line 118 of the same file.

…re docs

symbols_linux.cpp: compute _vaddr_diff via integer subtraction instead of
pointer arithmetic, avoiding a null-pointer UB that UBSan flags whenever a
non-PIE binary's PT_LOAD segment has p_vaddr == load base. Surfaced by the
earlier staleLeaf_ut.cpp fix now actually exercising Libraries::updateSymbols().

LiveHeapReferenceChains.md / reference-chains-collection-summary.md: correct
several claims that drifted from the shipped implementation (stale "Design
proposal" status, non-existent dedup set, understated budget-borrowing clamp,
misattributed PidController triple, removed function name, wrong enum name,
and drainPendingChainEvents()'s actual caller).

Drop the now-superseded planning/proposal docs from git tracking (kept
locally, not committed): JVMTI-IncrementalHeapWalk-Proposal.md and the
LiveHeapReferenceChains-{BenchmarkPlan,ImplementationPlan,RemainingWorkPlan,
VMStructsWalkDesign,VMStructsWalkImplementationPlan}.md docs all describe
approaches or work that were superseded or already shipped differently.
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings August 4, 2026 13:39

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Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 63 out of 70 changed files in this pull request and generated no new comments.

Suppressed comments (12)

utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:93

  • With set -euo pipefail, this grep | grep | grep | awk pipeline will exit the script when there are no matching safepoint lines (grep returns 1). Since the code explicitly supports falling back to the JDK<=16 format when empty, the command substitution itself should not be fatal.
    utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:97
  • Same pipefail issue as the primary safepoint parser: if the fallback pattern doesn’t match, this command substitution will exit the script before stw_stats can be tested for emptiness.
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:82
  • With set -euo pipefail, this safepoint parser pipeline will terminate the entire sweep when there are no matches. Since the code already intends to treat “no matches” as “try the fallback format”, the command substitution should be non-fatal.
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:86
  • Same pipefail issue as the primary safepoint parser: if the fallback pattern doesn’t match, the command substitution exits the script before stw_stats can be checked for emptiness.
    utils/run-chaos-harness.sh:209
  • Same find precedence issue as the tcmalloc case: without parentheses, -maxdepth 4 won’t apply to the second -name branch. This can unintentionally select a deep/slow match.
    ddprof-test/src/test/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/test/ProfilerTestRunner.java:121
  • Same issue for excluded tags: whitespace and empty entries can lead to tags not being excluded as intended (or errors). Trim and filter before applying TagFilter.
    utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:81
  • Because the script runs with set -euo pipefail, these grep | cut pipelines will cause the whole sweep to exit if the [metrics] line is missing or malformed (grep returns 1). The later ${var:-0} defaults won’t be reached. Make the extraction pipelines non-fatal (as compare-refchains-repro.sh already does).

This issue also appears in the following locations of the same file:

  • line 90
  • line 95
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:76
  • Because the script runs with set -euo pipefail, these grep | cut pipelines will exit the whole OFAT sweep if the [metrics] line is missing/malformed. The later ${var:-0} defaults won’t be reached; make the parsing non-fatal.

This issue also appears in the following locations of the same file:

  • line 79
  • line 84
    utils/compare-refchains-repro.sh:124
  • The throughput delta is labeled as “delta (on vs. off)” but is currently computed as (off - on) / on by swapping arguments to pct_delta. This makes the magnitude use the wrong denominator and is inconsistent with the column heading and other metrics.
    utils/run-chaos-harness.sh:196
  • This find expression mixes -maxdepth with -o without parentheses, so -maxdepth 4 only applies to the first -name branch and the second branch can match at any depth. Group the name predicates so maxdepth applies uniformly.

This issue also appears on line 209 of the same file.
ddprof-test/src/test/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/test/ProfilerTestRunner.java:117

  • Splitting tag lists with includeTags.split(",") does not trim whitespace and can yield empty tag names (e.g. trailing comma). JUnit’s TagFilter treats tags literally, so this can silently not match or throw. Trim and drop empty entries before applying the filter.

This issue also appears on line 118 of the same file.
utils/refchains-report.py:46

  • If the sweep CSV contains only a header row (e.g. REFCHAINS_SWEEP_VALUES is empty, or all runs failed before writing metrics), rows will be empty and min(xs)/max(xs) will raise ValueError. Handle the empty-data case so the report can still be generated (even if it’s just an empty chart).

# Conflicts:
#	.github/workflows/nightly.yml
#	.github/workflows/release-validated.yml
#	ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/counters.h
#	ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/javaApi.cpp
#	ddprof-lib/src/main/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/JavaProfiler.java
#	ddprof-stresstest/src/chaos/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/chaos/Main.java
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings August 4, 2026 14:13
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Scan-Build Report

User:runner@runnervmvrwv9
Working Directory:/home/runner/work/java-profiler/java-profiler/ddprof-lib/src/test/make
Command Line:make -j4 all
Clang Version:Ubuntu clang version 18.1.3 (1ubuntu1)
Date:Tue Aug 4 14:51:25 2026

Bug Summary

Bug TypeQuantityDisplay?
All Bugs1
Logic error
Dereference of null pointer1

Reports

Bug Group Bug Type ▾ File Function/Method Line Path Length
Logic errorDereference of null pointerprofiler.hfindLibraryByAddress53313

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Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 52 out of 59 changed files in this pull request and generated no new comments.

Suppressed comments (5)

utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:81

  • With set -euo pipefail, these metric extractions will terminate the whole sweep if the [metrics] line is missing or malformed (the grep -oE ... in the pipeline exits 1). Since metrics_line is already best-effort (grep ... || true), the per-field parsing should also be best-effort and default to empty/0 instead of failing the entire run.
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:76
  • With set -euo pipefail, these parsing pipelines will cause the entire sweep to exit if the [metrics] summary line is missing or doesn't match (because grep -oE ... returns exit code 1 and pipefail propagates it). Since metrics_line is already optional here, the per-field parsing should also tolerate missing matches and fall back to empty/0.
    utils/compare-refchains-repro.sh:125
  • The script says this column is "delta (on vs. off)" and pct_delta() is defined as (on-off)/off, but throughput is currently computed as pct_delta(off_entries, on_entries), which flips the sign semantics relative to every other metric and to the table header. This makes the output easy to misread (positive throughput delta here means lower throughput with refchains on). Consider computing throughput delta consistently as on-vs-off and document that for throughput a negative delta is worse (since higher is better).
    ddprof-test/src/test/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/referencechains/ReferenceChainTestSeamsTest.java:145
  • assertTrue(!target.equals(null)) is a no-op assertion (it will always pass) and it’s a confusing way to keep a local variable reachable. If you want an explicit reachability anchor, use a direct null-check; otherwise this line can be removed.
    doc/reference-chains-design.md:5
  • This doc still has **Jira:** TBD, but the PR is explicitly tied to PROF-15341. Updating the document’s Jira field makes it easier to trace the design back to its originating ticket.

Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings August 4, 2026 14:23

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Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 52 out of 59 changed files in this pull request and generated no new comments.

Suppressed comments (12)

utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:93

  • Because the script runs with set -euo pipefail, this stw_stats=$(grep ... | ... | awk ...) assignment will abort the whole sweep when the first grep finds no matches (exit 1) — making the intended fallback format branch unreachable.
    utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:97
  • Same issue as the JDK17+-format branch: without making the pipeline non-fatal, a missing match will terminate the script (and potentially skip emitting a row) instead of producing the documented 0/empty defaults.
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:82
  • This stw_stats=$(grep ... | ... | awk ...) pipeline can cause the sweep to exit early under set -euo pipefail when there are no matches for the JDK17+-style safepoint format (grep exit 1). That makes the fallback branch unreachable.
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:87
  • Same pipefail/errexit issue as the JDK17+-format branch: if this grep finds no matches, the command substitution can terminate the script instead of producing default 0 STW metrics.
    utils/compare-refchains-repro.sh:103
  • Same issue as the JDK17+-format branch: without making this pipeline non-fatal, a missing match can abort the whole comparison run instead of falling back to 0 0 0 0.
    utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:81
  • With set -euo pipefail, these metric-extraction pipelines will cause the script to exit if the [metrics] line is missing or a field regex doesn’t match (grep returns non-zero + pipefail). The intent appears to be “default to 0 and keep going” (as in compare-refchains-repro.sh), so the pipelines should be made non-fatal.

This issue also appears in the following locations of the same file:

  • line 90
  • line 95
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:76
  • With set -euo pipefail, these grep-based extractions will terminate the whole OFAT sweep if the [metrics] line or any expected key is missing. The rest of the function already defaults missing values to 0, so these pipelines should be made non-fatal to match that contract.

This issue also appears in the following locations of the same file:

  • line 79
  • line 84
    utils/compare-refchains-repro.sh:99
  • With set -euo pipefail, this stw_stats=$(grep ... | ... | awk ...) assignment can terminate the script when the JDK17+-style safepoint format isn’t present (grep exit 1 under pipefail). That makes the intended fallback format branch unreachable.

This issue also appears on line 101 of the same file.
utils/refchains-report.py:131

  • If the CSV has only a header (or is empty), rows will be empty and render_chart() will crash on min(xs)/max(xs). It’s better to fail gracefully and still write an HTML file explaining there was no data.
    utils/refchains-report-multi.py:66
  • If the input CSV is empty (or contains only headers), rows is empty and later code will crash (e.g., rows[0], min(xs_num)). Writing a minimal HTML report and returning makes failures much easier to diagnose.
    doc/reference-chains-design.md:5
  • The PR and description are tied to PROF-15341, but the design doc header still says **Jira:** TBD, which makes it harder to trace provenance later.
    ddprof-test/src/test/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/referencechains/ReferenceChainTestSeamsTest.java:145
  • assertTrue(!target.equals(null)) is a confusing way to keep the object reachable (and reads like it’s testing equals() semantics). A direct null check expresses the intent without invoking equals().

Three more call sites had the same class of bug as the earlier
calcVirtualLoadAddress() fix: adding a non-zero offset directly to a
pointer that base()/at() can legitimately return as NULL for a non-PIE
(ET_EXEC) image or a p_vaddr==0 segment. Compute each in integer space
and cast once, matching loadSymbolTable()'s existing correct pattern:
- addRelocationSymbols()'s call site (.plt base) and its two internal
  base + r_offset relocation-import computations.
- parseDwarfInfo()'s LOAD-segment end-address computation.
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings August 4, 2026 14:49

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Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 52 out of 59 changed files in this pull request and generated no new comments.

Suppressed comments (9)

utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:93

  • The stw_stats=$(grep ... | ... | awk ...) pipelines can also abort the sweep under set -euo pipefail when grep finds no matches (exit=1). That prevents the intended fallback to the JDK<=16 log format and makes the script sensitive to minor unified-logging format differences.
    utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:82
  • The stw_stats=$(grep ... | ... | awk ...) pipelines can abort the script under set -euo pipefail if grep finds no matches (exit=1), preventing the fallback parsing path and making the sweep brittle across JDK unified-logging variations.
    utils/sweep-refchains-budgets.sh:81
  • With set -euo pipefail, these metric-extraction pipelines will terminate the whole sweep if the [metrics] line is missing/malformed (grep exits 1 -> pipeline failure). That makes the sweep brittle in the presence of a failed/aborted JVM run (where you’d prefer the row to default to 0s and continue).

This issue also appears on line 89 of the same file.
utils/sweep-refchains-all.sh:76

  • With set -euo pipefail, these pipelines will terminate the entire OFAT sweep if the [metrics] line is missing/malformed (grep exits 1 -> pipeline failure). It’s better to tolerate missing metrics (default to 0s) so failed points don’t abort the whole run matrix.

This issue also appears on line 78 of the same file.
utils/compare-refchains-repro.sh:125

  • The report table header says the delta column is “on vs. off”, but throughput delta is computed as pct_delta(off, on), which flips the sign/denominator relative to every other metric. This makes throughput’s delta inconsistent and easy to misinterpret.
    ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/arguments.h:39
  • This comment references design/plan docs that are not present in the repository (doc/architecture/LiveHeapReferenceChains-ImplementationPlan.md, -BenchmarkPlan.md, -RemainingWorkPlan.md). That makes the in-code rationale hard to follow and creates dead links.
// Every constant below is a provisional default pending empirical
// tuning (see doc/architecture/LiveHeapReferenceChains-ImplementationPlan.md)
// - none of these values are backed by a benchmark run against this
// codebase. Each is chosen conservatively from cited precedent or from the
// shape of an existing, already-tuned subsystem, per the rationale below;

utils/refchains-report.py:46

  • render_chart() calls min(xs)/max(xs) unconditionally, which throws on an empty CSV (e.g., if the sweep exits early or is invoked with an empty value list). The caller already tolerates rows == [] for the table section, so charts should also handle empty input gracefully.
    ddprof-test/src/test/java/com/datadoghq/profiler/referencechains/ReferenceChainTestSeamsTest.java:145
  • assertTrue(!target.equals(null)) is an unusual way to keep the reference alive; it also reads like a (misguided) null-check. Using a direct null check is clearer and still creates a use of target to keep it reachable to this point.
    ddprof-lib/src/main/cpp/callTraceStorage.cpp:7
  • #include <unistd.h> appears to be unused in this file (no usleep, getpid, etc.). Keeping includes minimal helps avoid portability surprises and reduces compile churn.
#include <unistd.h>

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Benchmark Results (commit 7fddcbc)

Pipeline: https://gitlab.ddbuild.io/DataDog/apm-reliability/benchmarking-platform/-/pipelines/128879382 Commit: 7fddcbc984086580bf774f9c97a35f8896d4165e

⚠️ Significant outliers

  • 🟢 fj-kmeans (JDK 25): runtime -2.8% (2860→2779 ms)
  • 🟢 future-genetic (JDK 21): runtime -4.3% (2157→2065 ms)
  • 🔴 future-genetic (JDK 25): runtime +4.3% (2040→2128 ms)
Runtime details (per benchmark × JDK)
Benchmark JDK Latest Dev Δ (dev vs latest) Issues L/D
akka-uct 25 ✅ 8934 ms (24 iters) ✅ 8841 ms (24 iters) ≈ -1% (±9.8%) — / —
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ 5987 ms (33 iters) ✅ 5938 ms (33 iters) ≈ -0.8% (±25.6%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ 5449 ms (36 iters) ✅ 5536 ms (36 iters) ≈ +1.6% (±24.6%) ⚠️ W:3 / ⚠️ W:3
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ 2758 ms (68 iters) ✅ 2742 ms (68 iters) ≈ -0.6% (±2.7%) — / —
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ 2860 ms (66 iters) ✅ 2779 ms (68 iters) 🟢 -2.8% — / —
future-genetic 21 ✅ 2157 ms (87 iters) ✅ 2065 ms (90 iters) 🟢 -4.3% — / —
future-genetic 25 ✅ 2040 ms (91 iters) ✅ 2128 ms (87 iters) 🔴 +4.3% — / —
naive-bayes 21 ✅ 1271 ms (135 iters) ✅ 1276 ms (135 iters) ≈ +0.4% (±32.4%) — / —
naive-bayes 25 ✅ 1020 ms (168 iters) ✅ 1014 ms (169 iters) ≈ -0.6% (±31.5%) — / —
Internal counter details (ddprof)

ddprof internal counters, latest / dev (✅ = 0, · = unavailable):

Benchmark JDK Dropped rec Dropped jvmti Dropped trace Skipped WC AGCT fail Unwind fail
akka-uct 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
akka-uct 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 4 2302 / 2364 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 7 8704 / 8781 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
finagle-chirper 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 8443 / 8475 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 5 / 1 1265 / 1284 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
fj-kmeans 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 2 / 5 1285 / 1298 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ ✅ / 4 3016 / 2863 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
future-genetic 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 3 2845 / 2988 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 2 3539 / 3522 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
naive-bayes 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 2 3523 / 3496 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 21 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 4 / 3 1578 / 1605 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅
reactors 25 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅ 1 / 1 1814 / 1799 ✅ / ✅ ✅ / ✅

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