New surfaces module

[mkelley]

New surfaces module, addressing the first step in issue #415.

This PR defines the API for surfaces via the Surface class, and provides support for sunlight scattering off a Lambertian surface:

• Instances of the Surface class require four methods:
  • absorptance(i)
  • emittance(e, phi)
  • reflectance(i, e, phi)
  • radiance(F_i, i, e, phi)
• The provided LambertianSurface class defines absorptance, emittance, and reflectance for a surface that uniformly scatters light in all directions.
• ScatteredLight defines radiance for a surface scattering a light source.
• The ScatteredSunlight adds scattered_sunlight, which is used to calculate the radiance from a surface scattering sunlight. It is mainly for user convenience.

See the documentation for more.

I'm open to any suggestions, especially if improvements in the names and terminology are needed.

[pep8speaks]

Hello @mkelley! Thanks for updating this PR. We checked the lines you've touched for PEP 8 issues, and found:

• In the file sbpy/surfaces/scattered.py:

Line 109:63: E203 whitespace before ':'
Line 119:59: E203 whitespace before ':'

Comment last updated at 2025-01-15 13:22:57 UTC

[github-actions]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 97.08029% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 55.77%. Comparing base (843b1a2) to head (3bf2b65).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
sbpy/surfaces/surface.py	92.30%	3 Missing ⚠️
sbpy/units/typing.py	90.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

❗ There is a different number of reports uploaded between BASE (843b1a2) and HEAD (3bf2b65). Click for more details.

HEAD has 5 uploads less than BASE

Flag	BASE (843b1a2)	HEAD (3bf2b65)
	6	1

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #418       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   84.72%   55.77%   -28.96%     
===========================================
  Files          92       99        +7     
  Lines        8459     8596      +137     
===========================================
- Hits         7167     4794     -2373     
- Misses       1292     3802     +2510     

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