Add data_structures/linked_list/sorted_linked_list.py

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -331,6 +331,7 @@
     * [Rotate To The Right](data_structures/linked_list/rotate_to_the_right.py)
     * [Singly Linked List](data_structures/linked_list/singly_linked_list.py)
     * [Skip List](data_structures/linked_list/skip_list.py)
+    * [Sorted Linked List](data_structures/linked_list/sorted_linked_list.py)
     * [Swap Nodes](data_structures/linked_list/swap_nodes.py)
   * Queues
     * [Circular Queue](data_structures/queues/circular_queue.py)
@@ -987,6 +988,7 @@
   * [Doppler Frequency](physics/doppler_frequency.py)
   * [Escape Velocity](physics/escape_velocity.py)
   * [Grahams Law](physics/grahams_law.py)
+  * [Hamiltonian](physics/hamiltonian.py)
   * [Horizontal Projectile Motion](physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py)
   * [Hubble Parameter](physics/hubble_parameter.py)
   * [Ideal Gas Law](physics/ideal_gas_law.py)

data_structures/linked_list/sorted_linked_list.py

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass(order=True)
+class Node:
+    """
+    A class representing a node in a linked list.
+
+    Attributes:
+        data: The data stored in the node.
+        next: A reference to the next node in the linked list.
+
+    >>> Node(1, Node(2, Node(3)))
+    Node(data=1, next=Node(data=2, next=Node(data=3, next=None)))
+    """
+
+    data: int
+    next: Node | None = None
+
+
+class SortedLinkedList:
+    """This class  represents a sorted linked list."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Create and initialize LinkedList class instance.
+        >>> linked_list = SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linked_list.head is None
+        True
+        """
+        self.head: Node | None = None
+        self.tail: Node | None = None
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]:
+        """Iterate over the data of the nodes in the linked list.
+
+        >>> linked_list = SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linked_list.insert(3)
+        >>> linked_list.insert(1)
+        >>> linked_list.insert(2)
+        >>> tuple(linked_list)
+        (1, 2, 3)
+        """
+        current = self.head
+        while current:
+            yield current.data
+            current = current.next
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        """Return the number of nodes in the linked list.
+
+        >>> linked_list = SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> len(linked_list)
+        0
+        >>> linked_list.insert(3)
+        >>> len(linked_list)
+        1
+        >>> linked_list.insert(1)
+        >>> linked_list.insert(2)
+        >>> len(linked_list)
+        3
+        """
+        return len(tuple(self))
+
+    def __contains__(self, data: int) -> bool:
+        """Check if a node with the given data exists in the linked list.
+
+        >>> linked_list = SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linked_list.insert(3)
+        >>> 3 in linked_list
+        True
+        >>> 1 in linked_list
+        False
+        """
+        return data in tuple(self)
+
+    def insert(self, data: int) -> None:
+        """Inserts a node in its sorted position
+        This function can be rewritten for any data type, but
+        the comparator here must be changed
+
+        Args:
+            data (int): the data of the linked list
+
+        Doctests
+        >>> linked_list = SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linked_list.insert(32)
+        >>> linked_list.insert(57)
+        >>> linked_list.insert(45)
+        >>> tuple(linked_list)
+        (32, 45, 57)
+        """
+        new_node = Node(data)
+        if self.head is None:
+            self.head = new_node
+            self.tail = new_node
+        elif new_node < self.head:
+            new_node.next = self.head
+            self.head = new_node
+        else:
+            temp_node: Node | None = self.head
+            if temp_node:
+                while temp_node.next and temp_node.next.data < data:
+                    temp_node = temp_node.next
+                new_node.next = temp_node.next
+                temp_node.next = new_node
+                if new_node.next is None:
+                    self.tail = new_node
+
+    def delete(self, data: int) -> bool:
+        """This Function deletes first appearance of node with
+        data from it's sorted position
+
+        This function can be re written for any data type but
+        the comparator her must have to be changed
+
+        Args:
+            data (int): the data of the node that is needed to be deleted
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: status whether the node got deleted or not
+
+        Doctests
+
+        >>> linkedList=SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linkedList.insert(32)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(57)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(45)
+        >>> tuple(linkedList)
+        (32, 45, 57)
+        >>> linkedList.delete(45)
+        True
+        >>> tuple(linkedList)
+        (32, 57)
+        """
+        if self.head is None:
+            return False
+
+        if self.head.data == data:
+            self.head = self.head.next
+            if self.head is None:
+                self.tail = None
+            return True
+
+        temp_node: Node | None = self.head
+        if temp_node:
+            while temp_node.next:
+                if temp_node.next.data == data:
+                    temp_node.next = temp_node.next.next
+                    if temp_node.next is None:
+                        self.tail = temp_node
+                    return True
+                temp_node = temp_node.next
+
+        return False
+
+    def search(self, data: int) -> bool:
+        """This function searches the data given input from user
+        and return whether the data exists or not
+
+        Args:
+            data (int): Data to be searched
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: flag indicating whether data exists or not
+
+        Doctests
+        >>> linkedList=SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linkedList.insert(32)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(57)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(45)
+        >>> tuple(linkedList)
+        (32, 45, 57)
+        >>> linkedList.search(45)
+        True
+        >>> linkedList.search(90)
+        False
+        """
+        return data in self
+
+    def is_empty(self) -> bool:
+        """This function will check whether the list is empty or not
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: flag indicating whether list is empty or not
+
+        Doctests
+
+        >>> linkedList=SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linkedList.is_empty()
+        True
+        >>> linkedList.insert(32)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(57)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(45)
+        >>> linkedList.is_empty()
+        False
+        """
+        return not self
+
+    def min_value(self) -> int | None:
+        """This function will return minimum value
+
+        Returns:
+            int | None: min value or None if list is empty
+
+        Doctests
+
+        >>> linkedList=SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linkedList.min_value() is None
+        True
+        >>> linkedList.insert(32)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(57)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(45)
+        >>> linkedList.min_value()
+        32
+        """
+        return min(self) if self.head else None
+
+    def max_value(self) -> int | None:
+        """This function  will return maximum value
+
+
+        Returns:
+            int | None: max value or None if list is empty
+
+        Doctests
+
+        >>> linkedList=SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linkedList.max_value() is None
+        True
+        >>> linkedList.insert(32)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(57)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(45)
+        >>> linkedList.max_value()
+        57
+        """
+        return max(self) if self.head else None
+
+    def remove_duplicates(self) -> None:
+        """
+        This Function will remove the duplicates from the list
+
+        Doctests
+
+        >>> linkedList=SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linkedList.insert(32)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(57)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(45)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(45)
+        >>> tuple(linkedList)
+        (32, 45, 45, 57)
+        >>> linkedList.remove_duplicates()
+        >>> tuple(linkedList)
+        (32, 45, 57)
+        """
+
+        temp: Node | None = self.head
+        while temp and temp.next:
+            if temp.data == temp.next.data:
+                temp.next = temp.next.next
+            else:
+                temp = temp.next
+
+    def merge(self, other_list: SortedLinkedList) -> None:
+        """This Function will merge the input list with current list
+
+        Args:
+            other_list (SortedLinkedList): The list to be merged
+
+        Doctests
+
+        >>> linkedList=SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linkedList.insert(32)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(57)
+        >>> linkedList.insert(45)
+        >>> tuple(linkedList)
+        (32, 45, 57)
+        >>> linkedList2=SortedLinkedList()
+        >>> linkedList2.insert(23)
+        >>> linkedList2.insert(47)
+        >>> linkedList2.insert(95)
+        >>> tuple(linkedList2)
+        (23, 47, 95)
+        >>> linkedList.merge(linkedList2)
+        >>> tuple(linkedList)
+        (23, 32, 45, 47, 57, 95)
+        """
+        if other_list.head is None:
+            return
+        elif self.head is None:
+            self.head = other_list.head
+            self.tail = other_list.tail
+            return
+        else:
+            temp: Node | None = other_list.head
+
+            while temp:
+                self.insert(temp.data)
+                temp = temp.next
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    linked_list = SortedLinkedList()
+    while True:
+        print("Enter")
+        print("1.  Insert")
+        print("2.  Display")
+        print("3.  Delete")
+        print("4.  Exit")
+        choice = input("Enter your choice: ")
+
+        if choice == "1":
+            node_data = int(input("Enter a number: "))
+            linked_list.insert(node_data)
+        elif choice == "2":
+            linked_list.display()
+        elif choice == "3":
+            node_data = int(input("Enter the data to delete: "))
+            if linked_list.delete(node_data):
+                print(f"Node with data {node_data} deleted successfully")
+            else:
+                print(f"Node with data {node_data} not found in the list")
+        elif choice == "4":
+            break
+        else:
+            print("Wrong input")