Update Apache Thrift to 0.24.0

[vikrantpuppala]

Description

• Upgrade bundled Apache Thrift from 0.23.0 to 0.24.0.
• Address CVE-2026-43871 reported by the repository security scan.
• Document the dependency update in the next release changelog.

Testing

• mvn package -DskipTests -Ddependency-check.skip=true
• mvn -pl jdbc-core dependency:tree -Dincludes=org.apache.thrift:libthrift -DskipTests -Ddependency-check.skip=true — resolves 0.24.0
• Broad unit-test run: 3,638 tests passed. One JDK no-open-only allocator test was selected under the generic --add-opens JVM configuration; its documented filtered invocation passes and is unrelated to Thrift.
• git diff --check

Telemetry Errors

• Not applicable — this PR does not add or change a telemetry-visible error.
• Applicable — the error uses DatabricksDriverErrorCode where appropriate, and any new code is uniquely numbered and tested.
• Applicable — its driver/server/user classification is linked, or maintainer help is requested because the author cannot access the classification.

Additional Notes to the Reviewer

No runtime code changes are included.

[vikrantpuppala]

Superseded by #1682, which uses a branch in the upstream Databricks repository. The fork branch is intentionally retained.