Welcome to the Linux for Beginners course guide. This repository contains the complete syllabus, command references, and step-by-step server configuration guides to get you up and running with Linux environments.
📖 Table of Contents (Click to expand)
1.Course Overview & Syllabus 2. Ubuntu Server Setup 3. User Management 4. Secure Shell (SSH) 5. Basic & Advanced Command Line - Basic Operations - Swap File & Server Performance 6. File & Directory Operations 7.Remote Desktop (xRDP) 8. Ubuntu Server Networking & Firewall 9. Applications & Monitoring 10. References
1. Course Overview (pptx 1)
2. Background and Introduction In this lesson you will learn: *What Linux is
Briefly introduces: RHEL (RedHat Enterprise Linux), Fedora, CentOS, AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux, Ubuntu, Debian, OpenSUSE, and SLES (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server).
3. Linux Distributions (pptx 2) Learn what a Linux Distro is, the most common distros, and how to choose the right one (RHEL, AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux, CentOS, Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, Pop!_OS, Arch Linux, etc.).
4. Installing Linux using WSL on Windows Learn how to install, use, and remove a Linux distro using Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) and access Linux files via Windows File Explorer.
5. Installing VirtualBox on Windows Learn how to install VirtualBox on Windows for running virtual machines.
6. When to Install Linux from Scratch Understand why and when manual installation from scratch is necessary.
7. Installing AlmaLinux / Rocky Linux / RHEL Manual install guide for AlmaLinux 9 and RHEL 9 (pptx 3).
8. Logging In Directly to a Linux System Connecting to Linux via physical hardware or virtual machines (Graphical and text-based logins).
9 & 10. The Linux Directory Structure Learn where OS components are located and how applications employ conventions for directory structures.
- Select Language: Insert the installation media and restart. Select your preferred language (e.g., English).
- Keyboard Layout: Use Tab to switch items, Enter to open lists, and arrow keys to select.
- Server Configuration: Select the general server configuration (top) or the minimal set (bottom).
- Network Connections: Obtain automatically via DHCP or set manually.
- Proxy Server: Enter if necessary; otherwise, leave blank.
- Mirror Server: Used for package updates. Usually auto-selects the best nearby mirror.
- Storage Settings: Set disk partition layouts. Defaults are usually fine for beginners.
- Confirm Storage: Choose Done to confirm partitions.
- Install Confirmation: Click Continue. Warning: Existing data will be overwritten.
- Administrator Account: Enter a name, username, and password.
- SSH Setup: Choose to install an SSH server if you plan to access the server remotely.
- Server Snaps: Select any extra software you need. Leave blank for a clean install.
- Complete: When done, select Reboot Now.
- Login: After rebooting, authenticate with your new credentials.
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Add a new user | sudo adduser <username> |
| Check user groups | groups <username> |
| Grant Sudo privileges | sudo usermod -aG sudo <username> |
| Login as normal user (Remote) | ssh <username>@<ip_address> |
| Switch to Root user | sudo su - |
If you are logged in as the Root user:
passwd <username>