doc: fix perf_hooks documentation gaps and inaccuracies

[kovan]

Summary

Audit of doc/api/perf_hooks.md fixing several long-standing documentation
issues:

• Fix introductory ESM example — the example referenced an undefined
  doSomeLongRunningProcess callback and prematurely called
  performance.clearMarks() in the observer, which would cause subsequent
  performance.measure() calls to throw

• Add 5 missing PerformanceResourceTiming properties —
  initiatorType (added v18.6.0/v16.17.0, PR perf_hooks: add initiatorType getter #43593),
  nextHopProtocol and responseStart (added v18.2.0/v16.17.0, PR perf_hooks: add PerformanceResourceTiming #42725),
  deliveryType and responseStatus (added v22.2.0, PR perf_hooks: add deliveryType and responseStatus fields #51589) are
  implemented in lib/internal/perf/resource_timing.js but were absent from
  the docs

• Correct PerformanceMark version metadata — introduced in v16.0.0
  (PR perf_hooks: complete overhaul of the implementation #37136), not v18.2.0/v16.17.0 (which is when PR perf_hooks: fix webperf idlharness #44483 reorganized the
  doc sections)

• Correct PerformanceMeasure version metadata — exported from the module
  in v16.7.0 (PR perf_hooks: add ability to fetch performance entries synchronously #39297), not v18.2.0/v16.17.0

• Fix histogram.exceeds description — the docs claimed a "1 hour event
  loop delay threshold" but the C++ source (src/histogram-inl.h) shows
  exceeds_ increments when hdr_record_value returns false, i.e. the value
  exceeds the histogram's configured highest trackable value

• Fix requestStart description — was incorrectly described as "before
  Node.js receives the first byte of the response" (that's responseStart);
  corrected to "before Node.js starts requesting the resource"

• Generalize Histogram property descriptions — min, max, mean,
  stddev described "event loop delay" but Histogram is a generic class
  also used by createHistogram() and timerify()

All version metadata verified against full git history (git tag --contains).

Fixes: #40558
Fixes: #40096
Fixes: #40723
Fixes: #55792
Fixes: #55793