Profile callprofiler with different testcases by ThreeMonth03 · Pull Request #829 · solvcon/modmesh

ThreeMonth03 · 2026-05-25T17:55:19Z

To solve issue #831, this pull request profilers callprofiler with different testcases with gprof.
Because gprof is integrated with g++, scripts in this pull request are only supported for linux platform now, and the following data are measured on WSL2, with intel 13700 CPU.

As for the benchmarks, there are 4 types of functions, and we assume that the number of operations is 200:

wide_siblings: All subfunctions are at the same layer.

root
├─ f0
├─ f1
├─ ...
└─ f200

deep_chain: All subfunctions are at the different layers.

root
└─ f0
   └─ f1
      └─ ...
         └─ f200

balanced_tree: The dependency of subfunctions looks like a balanced tree.

root
└─ f100
   ├─ ...
   │  └─ f2
   |  └─ f3
   └─ ...
         └─ f1
         └─ f0

hot_name_reuse: All subfunctions are at the same layer, but reuse the same name for 100 consecutive subfunctions, then switch to the next name.

root
├─ f0
├─ f0
├─ ... repeat existing names 100 times
├─ f1
└─ ...

To obtain a precise profiling result, this pull request also repeats and resets the profiler when the number of operations is small, because gprof is sampling-based profiler.

As for the result, it is obvious that modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller() is the hotspot, because it searches the target children node with linear time. We might optimize this hotspot later.

CallProfiler gprof

wide_siblings

operations	repeats	workload seconds
100	10000	2.293520E-01
1000	1000	2.107130E+00
10000	5	8.072800E-01
50000	1	6.167120E+00

gprof top 5: operations `100`, repeats `10000`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  us/call  us/call  name    
 55.56      0.05     0.05  1010000     0.05     0.05  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
 22.22      0.07     0.02    59617     0.34     0.34  modmesh::profiling::detail::profile_empty_049983(unsigned long, unsigned long)
 11.11      0.08     0.01  1000000     0.01     0.06  modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)
 11.11      0.09     0.01                             modmesh::profiling::detail::profile_empty_000090(unsigned long, unsigned long)
  0.00      0.09     0.00  3030000     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)

gprof top 5: operations `1000`, repeats `1000`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  ms/call  ms/call  name    
 92.43      1.71     1.71  1001000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  2.16      1.75     0.04  1001000     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
  1.08      1.77     0.02  1001000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()
  1.08      1.79     0.02     8727     0.00     0.00  modmesh::profiling::detail::profile_empty_049983(unsigned long, unsigned long)
  0.54      1.83     0.01                             modmesh::profiling::detail::profile_empty_000495(unsigned long, unsigned long)

gprof top 5: operations `10000`, repeats `5`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  ms/call  ms/call  name    
 96.00      0.72     0.72    50005     0.01     0.01  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  1.33      0.73     0.01   150015     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  1.33      0.74     0.01    50005     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
  1.33      0.75     0.01                             modmesh::profiling::detail::profile_empty_003445(unsigned long, unsigned long)
  0.00      0.75     0.00    50005     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()

gprof top 5: operations `50000`, repeats `1`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  ms/call  ms/call  name    
 98.69      6.03     6.03    50001     0.12     0.12  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  0.33      6.05     0.02    50001     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
  0.16      6.06     0.01    50000     0.00     0.12  modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)
  0.16      6.07     0.01        1    10.00    10.00  void std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> >::_M_assign<std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> > const&, std::__detail::_ReuseOrAllocNode<std::allocator<std::__detail::_Hash_node<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, true> > > >(std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> > const&, std::__detail::_ReuseOrAllocNode<std::allocator<std::__detail::_Hash_node<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, true> > > const&)
  0.16      6.08     0.01                             modmesh::profiling::detail::profile_empty_011490(unsigned long, unsigned long)

deep_chain

operations	repeats	workload seconds
100	10000	1.706320E-01
1000	1000	2.533460E-01
10000	5	3.774810E-02
50000	1	6.268040E-02

gprof top 5: operations `100`, repeats `10000`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  ms/call  ms/call  name    
 33.33      0.01     0.01  1010000     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
 33.33      0.02     0.01  1000000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)
 33.33      0.03     0.01    10000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>::~RadixTreeNode()
  0.00      0.03     0.00  3030000     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.03     0.00  1010000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()

gprof top 5: operations `1000`, repeats `1000`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  us/call  us/call  name    
 33.33      0.01     0.01  1001000     0.01     0.01  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
 33.33      0.02     0.01  1001000     0.01     0.01  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
 33.33      0.03     0.01     1000    10.00    10.00  void std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> >::_M_assign<std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> > const&, std::__detail::_ReuseOrAllocNode<std::allocator<std::__detail::_Hash_node<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, true> > > >(std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> > const&, std::__detail::_ReuseOrAllocNode<std::allocator<std::__detail::_Hash_node<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, true> > > const&)
  0.00      0.03     0.00  3003000     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.03     0.00  1001000     0.00     0.02  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()

gprof top 5: operations `10000`, repeats `5`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  Ts/call  Ts/call  name    
  0.00      0.00     0.00   150015     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.00     0.00    50005     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()
  0.00      0.00     0.00    50005     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  0.00      0.00     0.00    50005     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
  0.00      0.00     0.00    50000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)

gprof top 5: operations `50000`, repeats `1`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  ms/call  ms/call  name    
 25.00      0.01     0.01    50001     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
 25.00      0.02     0.01       13     0.77     0.77  std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> >::_M_rehash(unsigned long, unsigned long const&)
 25.00      0.03     0.01        1    10.00    10.00  void std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> >::_M_assign<std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> > const&, std::__detail::_ReuseOrAllocNode<std::allocator<std::__detail::_Hash_node<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, true> > > >(std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> > const&, std::__detail::_ReuseOrAllocNode<std::allocator<std::__detail::_Hash_node<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, true> > > const&)
 25.00      0.04     0.01                             modmesh::profiling::detail::profile_empty_043209(unsigned long, unsigned long)
  0.00      0.04     0.00   150003     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)

balanced_tree

operations	repeats	workload seconds
100	10000	1.841660E-01
1000	1000	2.679980E-01
10000	5	3.871620E-02
50000	1	5.947280E-02

gprof top 5: operations `100`, repeats `10000`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  ms/call  ms/call  name    
 60.00      0.03     0.03  1010000     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
 20.00      0.04     0.01  1010000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  0.00      0.05     0.00  3030000     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.05     0.00  1010000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()
  0.00      0.05     0.00  1000000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)

gprof top 5: operations `1000`, repeats `1000`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  us/call  us/call  name    
 83.33      0.05     0.05  1001000     0.05     0.05  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
 16.67      0.06     0.01  1001000     0.01     0.01  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  0.00      0.06     0.00  3003000     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.06     0.00  1001000     0.00     0.05  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()
  0.00      0.06     0.00  1000000     0.00     0.01  modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)

gprof top 5: operations `10000`, repeats `5`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  Ts/call  Ts/call  name    
100.00      0.01     0.01                             modmesh::profiling::detail::profile_empty_000026(unsigned long, unsigned long)
  0.00      0.01     0.00   150015     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.01     0.00    50005     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()
  0.00      0.01     0.00    50005     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  0.00      0.01     0.00    50005     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)

gprof top 5: operations `50000`, repeats `1`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  ms/call  ms/call  name    
100.00      0.01     0.01        2     5.00     5.00  modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>::~RadixTreeNode()
  0.00      0.01     0.00   150003     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.01     0.00    50001     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()
  0.00      0.01     0.00    50001     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  0.00      0.01     0.00    50001     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)

hot_name_reuse

operations	repeats	workload seconds
100	10000	8.356190E-02
1000	1000	8.568760E-02
10000	5	7.355400E-03
50000	1	2.580690E-02

gprof top 5: operations `100`, repeats `10000`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  Ts/call  Ts/call  name    
  0.00      0.00     0.00  3030000     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.00     0.00  1010000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()
  0.00      0.00     0.00  1010000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  0.00      0.00     0.00  1010000     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
  0.00      0.00     0.00  1000000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)

gprof top 5: operations `1000`, repeats `1000`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  us/call  us/call  name    
 50.00      0.01     0.01  1001000     0.01     0.01  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
 50.00      0.02     0.01  1000000     0.01     0.02  modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)
  0.00      0.02     0.00  3003000     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.02     0.00  1001000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()
  0.00      0.02     0.00  1001000     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)

gprof top 5: operations `10000`, repeats `5`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  Ts/call  Ts/call  name    
  0.00      0.00     0.00   150015     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.00     0.00    50005     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()
  0.00      0.00     0.00    50005     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  0.00      0.00     0.00    50005     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
  0.00      0.00     0.00    50000     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)

gprof top 5: operations `50000`, repeats `1`

  %   cumulative   self              self     total           
 time   seconds   seconds    calls  ns/call  ns/call  name    
100.00      0.01     0.01    50001   200.00   200.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::start_caller(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::function<void ()> const&)
  0.00      0.01     0.00   150003     0.00     0.00  std::_Function_handler<void (), modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)::{lambda()#1}>::_M_manager(std::_Any_data&, std::_Any_data const&, std::_Manager_operation)
  0.00      0.01     0.00    50001     0.00     0.00  modmesh::CallProfiler::end_caller()
  0.00      0.01     0.00    50001     0.00     0.00  std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*, std::_Identity<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::less<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>, std::allocator<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*> >::_M_insert_unique<modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*>(modmesh::RadixTreeNode<modmesh::CallerProfile>*&&)
  0.00      0.01     0.00    50000     0.00   200.00  modmesh::CallProfilerProbe::CallProfilerProbe(modmesh::CallProfiler&, char const*)

ThreeMonth03

@yungyuc Please take a look. This pull request is quite long, so I'm wondering whether there are better ways to generate code and profile the benchmark on different platform.

ThreeMonth03 · 2026-05-26T07:05:50Z

+      - name: make cprof
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+        run: |
+          make cprof
+


Profile profiler only on linux.

ThreeMonth03 · 2026-05-26T07:07:40Z

+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+bool run_named_case(std::string_view label, std::size_t size, std::size_t repeat_count)


Run different types of functions with different hyperparameter.

ThreeMonth03 · 2026-05-26T07:08:56Z

+    std::cout << "RESULT workload=" << label
+              << " operations=" << operation_count
+              << " repeats=" << repeat_count
+              << " workload_seconds=" << elapsed.count()
+              << '\n';


This file will print the wall time of benchmark, because we cannot obtain wall time from gprof

ThreeMonth03 · 2026-05-26T07:11:06Z

+void configure_large_stack()
+{
+#if defined(__linux__)
+    rlimit limit{};
+    if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &limit) == 0)
+    {
+        if (RLIM_INFINITY == limit.rlim_max || limit.rlim_cur < limit.rlim_max)
+        {
+            limit.rlim_cur = limit.rlim_max;
+            static_cast<void>(setrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, &limit));
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+}


Configure enough stack size at first, because the depth of callers may be 50000.

ThreeMonth03 · 2026-05-26T07:11:53Z

+std::array<case_definition, 4> const case_definitions{{
+    {"wide_siblings", &workload::run_wide_siblings},
+    {"deep_chain", &workload::run_deep_chain},
+    {"balanced_tree", &workload::run_balanced_tree},
+    {"hot_name_reuse", &workload::run_hot_name_reuse},
+}};


4 kinds of benchmark. They are generated by python scripts.

ThreeMonth03 · 2026-05-26T07:13:23Z

+add_custom_command(
+    OUTPUT ${CPROF_GENERATED_SOURCES}
+    COMMAND "${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE}" "${CPROF_GENERATOR}"
+        --output-dir "${CPROF_GENERATED_DIR}"
+        --shards "${CPROF_SHARD_COUNT}"
+    DEPENDS "${CPROF_GENERATOR}"
+    VERBATIM
+)


Generate benchmarks.

ThreeMonth03 · 2026-05-26T07:14:30Z

I've tried to generate cpp files with macro, but it is too slow to generate 50000 functions.

ThreeMonth03 · 2026-05-26T07:17:03Z

+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()


Scripts to run the execute file of profiling/cprof/callprofiler_gprof.cpp.

ThreeMonth03 · 2026-05-26T07:19:22Z

I'm not sure whether to put cpp files in /profiling.

ThreeMonth03 marked this pull request as draft May 25, 2026 17:55

ThreeMonth03 force-pushed the profile-callprofiler-cases branch 2 times, most recently from 22b55de to 65972c4 Compare May 26, 2026 06:03

ThreeMonth03 marked this pull request as ready for review May 26, 2026 07:05

ThreeMonth03 commented May 26, 2026

View reviewed changes

Profile callprofiler with different testcases

45dc6fb

ThreeMonth03 force-pushed the profile-callprofiler-cases branch from 65972c4 to 45dc6fb Compare May 26, 2026 08:07

Provide feedback

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly

Profile callprofiler with different testcases#829

Profile callprofiler with different testcases#829
ThreeMonth03 wants to merge 1 commit into
solvcon:masterfrom
ThreeMonth03:profile-callprofiler-cases

ThreeMonth03 commented May 25, 2026 •

edited

Loading

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 left a comment

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 May 26, 2026

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 May 26, 2026

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 May 26, 2026

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 May 26, 2026

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 May 26, 2026

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 May 26, 2026

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 May 26, 2026

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 May 26, 2026

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 May 26, 2026

Uh oh!

Reviewers

Assignees

Labels

Projects

Milestone

Development

Uh oh!

1 participant

Conversation

ThreeMonth03 commented May 25, 2026 • edited Loading Uh oh! There was an error while loading. Please reload this page.

Uh oh!

CallProfiler gprof

wide_siblings

gprof top 5: operations 100, repeats 10000

gprof top 5: operations 1000, repeats 1000

gprof top 5: operations 10000, repeats 5

gprof top 5: operations 50000, repeats 1

deep_chain

gprof top 5: operations 100, repeats 10000

gprof top 5: operations 1000, repeats 1000

gprof top 5: operations 10000, repeats 5

gprof top 5: operations 50000, repeats 1

balanced_tree

gprof top 5: operations 100, repeats 10000

gprof top 5: operations 1000, repeats 1000

gprof top 5: operations 10000, repeats 5

gprof top 5: operations 50000, repeats 1

hot_name_reuse

gprof top 5: operations 100, repeats 10000

gprof top 5: operations 1000, repeats 1000

gprof top 5: operations 10000, repeats 5

gprof top 5: operations 50000, repeats 1

Uh oh!

ThreeMonth03 left a comment

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

Choose a reason for hiding this comment

Uh oh!

Reviewers

Assignees

Labels

Projects

Milestone

Development

Uh oh!

1 participant

ThreeMonth03 commented May 25, 2026 •

edited

Loading

gprof top 5: operations `100`, repeats `10000`

gprof top 5: operations `1000`, repeats `1000`

gprof top 5: operations `10000`, repeats `5`

gprof top 5: operations `50000`, repeats `1`

gprof top 5: operations `100`, repeats `10000`

gprof top 5: operations `1000`, repeats `1000`

gprof top 5: operations `10000`, repeats `5`

gprof top 5: operations `50000`, repeats `1`

gprof top 5: operations `100`, repeats `10000`

gprof top 5: operations `1000`, repeats `1000`

gprof top 5: operations `10000`, repeats `5`

gprof top 5: operations `50000`, repeats `1`

gprof top 5: operations `100`, repeats `10000`

gprof top 5: operations `1000`, repeats `1000`

gprof top 5: operations `10000`, repeats `5`

gprof top 5: operations `50000`, repeats `1`